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AWS Certified Machine Learning Engineer - Associate (MLA-C01) Practice Exam

AWS Certified Machine Learning Engineer - Associate (MLA-C01) Practice Exam


About AWS Certified Machine Learning Engineer - Associate Exam

The AWS Certified Machine Learning Engineer - Associate (MLA-C01) exam assesses your ability to design, implement, deploy, and manage machine learning (ML) solutions and pipelines on the AWS Cloud. It ensures that candidates can effectively:

  • Ingest, transform, validate, and prepare data for ML modeling.
  • Choose appropriate modeling approaches, train and tune models, analyze performance, and manage model versions.
  • Select and configure deployment infrastructure and endpoints, including provisioning compute resources and setting up auto-scaling based on needs.
  • Establish continuous integration and continuous delivery (CI/CD) pipelines for automating ML workflows.
  • Monitor models, data, and infrastructure to identify and address issues.
  • Secure ML systems and resources through access controls, compliance measures, and best practices.


Why should you take the exam?

The AWS Certified Machine Learning Engineer - Associate exam is designed to validate your technical expertise in implementing and operationalizing machine learning workloads on AWS. Earning this certification boosts your career profile and credibility, positioning you for high-demand machine learning roles. Register now to be among the first to obtain this valuable certification.


Who should take the AWS Certified Machine Learning Engineer - Associate Exam?

This certification is ideal for individuals with at least one year of experience in machine learning engineering or a related field, plus hands-on experience with AWS services. Even if you're new to machine learning, you can start building your knowledge and skills through the available Exam Prep Plans.


Recommended General IT Knowledge

The Candidates pursuing the exam should possess -

  • A basic understanding of common ML algorithms and their applications.
  • Fundamental knowledge of data engineering, including handling various data formats, and performing data ingestion and transformation for ML pipelines.
  • Proficiency in querying and transforming data.
  • Understanding of software engineering best practices for developing modular, reusable code, as well as deployment and debugging.
  • Familiarity with provisioning and monitoring cloud and on-premises ML resources.
  • Experience with CI/CD pipelines and infrastructure as code (IaC).
  • Experience with code repositories for version control and CI/CD pipelines.


Recommended AWS Knowledge

The Candidates should be familiar with -

  • The capabilities and algorithms of SageMaker for model building and deployment.
  • AWS data storage and processing services for preparing data for modeling.
  • Deploying applications and infrastructure on AWS.
  • Using monitoring tools for logging and troubleshooting ML systems.
  • AWS services for automating and orchestrating CI/CD pipelines.
  • AWS security best practices, including identity and access management, encryption, and data protection.


Course Outline

The AWS Certified Machine Learning Engineer - Associate Exam covers the following the following topics - 

Domain 1: Understanding Data Preparation for Machine Learning (ML)

1.1: Explain Data Ingestion and Storage

Knowledge Required

  • Understanding of various data formats and ingestion mechanisms, such as Apache Parquet, JSON, CSV, Apache ORC, Apache Avro, and RecordIO.
  • Proficiency in using core AWS data sources like Amazon S3, Amazon EFS, and Amazon FSx for NetApp ONTAP.
  • Skills in leveraging AWS streaming data sources, including Amazon Kinesis, Apache Flink, and Apache Kafka, for data ingestion.
  • Familiarity with AWS storage options, including their specific use cases and trade-offs.

Skills Gained

  • Extracting data from storage solutions such as Amazon S3, Amazon EBS, Amazon EFS, Amazon RDS, and Amazon DynamoDB using relevant AWS service options like Amazon S3 Transfer Acceleration and Amazon EBS Provisioned IOPS.
  • Selecting appropriate data formats, like Parquet, JSON, CSV, and ORC, based on data access patterns.
  • Ingesting data into Amazon SageMaker Data Wrangler and SageMaker Feature Store.
  • Merging data from multiple sources using programming techniques, AWS Glue, or Apache Spark.
  • Troubleshooting and debugging data ingestion and storage issues related to capacity and scalability.
  • Making initial storage decisions considering factors like cost, performance, and data structure.


1.2: Explain Data Transformation and Feature Engineering

Knowledge Required

  • Techniques for data cleaning and transformation, such as detecting and treating outliers, imputing missing data, combining datasets, and deduplication.
  • Feature engineering techniques, including data scaling, standardization, feature splitting, binning, log transformation, and normalization.
  • Understanding encoding techniques like one-hot encoding, binary encoding, label encoding, and tokenization.
  • Tools for exploring, visualizing, or transforming data and features, such as SageMaker Data Wrangler, AWS Glue, and AWS Glue DataBrew.
  • Services that enable transformation of streaming data, including AWS Lambda and Spark.
  • Data annotation and labeling services that facilitate the creation of high-quality labeled datasets.

Skills Gained

  • Utilizing AWS tools like AWS Glue, AWS Glue DataBrew, Spark on Amazon EMR, and SageMaker Data Wrangler for data transformation.
  • Creating and managing features using tools like SageMaker Feature Store.
  • Validating and labeling data with AWS services such as SageMaker Ground Truth and Amazon Mechanical Turk.


1.3: Explain Data Integrity and Preparing Data for Modeling

Knowledge Required

  • Familiarity with pre-training bias metrics for numeric, text, and image data, such as class imbalance (CI) and difference in proportions of labels (DPL).
  • Strategies to address class imbalance in datasets, including synthetic data generation and resampling.
  • Techniques for encrypting data, as well as data classification, anonymization, and masking.
  • Understanding compliance requirements, such as personally identifiable information (PII), protected health information (PHI), and data residency.

Skills Gained

  • Validating data quality using AWS Glue DataBrew and AWS Glue Data Quality.
  • Identifying and mitigating sources of bias in data, such as selection and measurement bias, using AWS tools like SageMaker Clarify.
  • Preparing data to reduce prediction bias through dataset splitting, shuffling, and augmentation.
  • Configuring data to load into model training resources like Amazon EFS and Amazon FSx.


Domain 2: Understanding ML Model Development

2.1: Explain selecting a Modeling Approach

Knowledge Required

  • Understanding the capabilities and appropriate uses of various ML algorithms to solve business problems.
  • Utilizing AWS AI services, such as Amazon Translate, Amazon Transcribe, Amazon Rekognition, and Amazon Bedrock, to address specific business challenges.
  • Considering model interpretability during the selection of models or algorithms.
  • Familiarity with SageMaker built-in algorithms and when to apply them.

Skills Gained

  • Assessing available data and the complexity of problems to determine the feasibility of an ML solution.
  • Comparing and selecting suitable ML models or algorithms for specific problems.
  • Choosing built-in algorithms, foundational models, and solution templates from resources like SageMaker JumpStart and Amazon Bedrock.
  • Selecting models or algorithms based on cost considerations.
  • Selecting appropriate AI services to address common business requirements.


2.2: Explain Model Training and Refinement

Knowledge Required

  • Understanding key elements in the training process, including epochs, steps, and batch size.
  • Methods to reduce model training time, such as early stopping and distributed training.
  • Factors influencing model size and techniques for improving model performance.
  • Regularization techniques like dropout, weight decay, L1, and L2 regularization.
  • Hyperparameter tuning techniques, including random search and Bayesian optimization.
  • Effects of model hyperparameters on performance, such as the number of trees in a tree-based model or layers in a neural network.
  • Integrating models developed outside of SageMaker into the SageMaker environment.

Skills Gained

  • Using SageMaker built-in algorithms and common ML libraries to develop ML models.
  • Utilizing SageMaker script mode with supported frameworks like TensorFlow and PyTorch for model training.
  • Fine-tuning pre-trained models using custom datasets, with tools like Amazon Bedrock and SageMaker JumpStart.
  • Performing hyperparameter tuning using SageMaker automatic model tuning (AMT).
  • Integrating automated hyperparameter optimization capabilities.
  • Preventing model overfitting, underfitting, and catastrophic forgetting through regularization techniques and feature selection.
  • Combining multiple training models to enhance performance, using techniques such as ensembling, stacking, and boosting.
  • Reducing model size through methods like altering data types, pruning, updating feature selection, and compression.
  • Managing model versions for repeatability and audits using the SageMaker Model Registry.


2.3: Explain Model Performance Analysis

Knowledge Required

  • Understanding model evaluation techniques and metrics, including confusion matrix, heat maps, F1 score, accuracy, precision, recall, RMSE, ROC, and AUC.
  • Methods for creating performance baselines and identifying model overfitting and underfitting.
  • Metrics available in SageMaker Clarify for gaining insights into ML training data and models.
  • Recognizing convergence issues during model training.

Skills Gained

Selecting and interpreting evaluation metrics and detecting model bias.

Assessing trade-offs between model performance, training time, and cost.

Performing reproducible experiments using AWS services.

Comparing the performance of a shadow variant with that of a production variant.

Using SageMaker Clarify to interpret model outputs and SageMaker Model Debugger to debug model convergence.


Domain 3: Understanding Deployment and Orchestration of ML Workflows

3.1: Explain Deployment Infrastructure

Knowledge Required

  • Best practices for deployment, including versioning and rollback strategies.
  • AWS deployment services, such as SageMaker.
  • Methods to serve ML models in real time and in batches.
  • Provisioning compute resources in production and test environments, including CPU and GPU options.
  • Understanding model and endpoint requirements for various deployment endpoints, such as serverless, real-time, asynchronous, and batch inference endpoints.
  • Selecting appropriate containers, whether provided or customized.
  • Methods for optimizing models on edge devices, like using SageMaker Neo.


Skills Gained

  • Evaluating performance, cost, and latency trade-offs.
  • Choosing the appropriate compute environment for training and inference based on specific requirements, such as GPU or CPU specifications and networking bandwidth.
  • Selecting the correct deployment orchestrator, including options like Apache Airflow and SageMaker Pipelines.
  • Choosing between multi-model or multi-container deployments.
  • Selecting the appropriate deployment target, whether it's SageMaker endpoints, Kubernetes, Amazon ECS, Amazon EKS, or Lambda.
  • Determining the best model deployment strategies, such as real-time or batch deployment.


3.2: Explain Infrastructure Scripting and Setup

Knowledge Required

  • Understanding the differences between on-demand and provisioned resources.
  • Comparing scaling policies and understanding their implications.
  • Evaluating the trade-offs and use cases of infrastructure as code (IaC) options, such as AWS CloudFormation and AWS CDK.
  • Grasping containerization concepts and AWS container services.
  • Using SageMaker endpoint auto-scaling policies to meet scalability requirements based on factors like demand and time.


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