Top 60 Microsoft Security Engineer Interview Questions

Microsoft Security Engineer is a highly sought-after position in the tech industry due to the ever-increasing importance of cybersecurity in today’s digital world. As the world becomes more reliant on technology, the need for experienced security engineers who can protect sensitive data and networks from cyber threats is increasing rapidly.

To secure a job as a Microsoft Security Engineer, one must be highly knowledgeable about various aspects of cybersecurity, including network security, identity management, threat detection, incident response, and compliance. In addition, they must be proficient in using various security tools and technologies, including Microsoft security products such as Azure Security Center, Microsoft Defender ATP, and Microsoft 365 Defender.

If you are preparing for an interview for a Microsoft Security Engineer position, it is essential to have a good understanding of the types of questions that you might be asked. In this blog post, we have compiled a list of 60 top Microsoft Security Engineer interview questions to help you prepare for your interview. These questions cover a wide range of topics, from security fundamentals to specific Microsoft security products and technologies. We hope that this blog post will help you to prepare well for your interview and increase your chances of landing your dream job as a Microsoft Security Engineer.

Top Security Engineer Questions

1. How would you secure a large-scale cloud-based infrastructure for a financial services organization?

Answer: To secure a large-scale cloud-based infrastructure for a financial services organization, I would recommend implementing the following measures:

• Utilize multi-factor authentication for all user accounts and enforce strong password policies
• Use encryption to protect sensitive data both in transit and at rest
• Implement access controls to restrict access to sensitive data to only those who need it
• Deploy intrusion detection and prevention systems to identify and stop attacks in real-time
• Conduct regular vulnerability assessments and penetration testing to identify and remediate potential security vulnerabilities
• Implement network segmentation to reduce the risk of lateral movement by attackers
• Establish a security incident response plan and conduct regular drills to ensure all staff knows how to respond in case of a security breach.

2. You’re working for a healthcare organization that needs to comply with HIPAA regulations. How would you ensure that the organization’s data is secure?

Answer: To ensure that a healthcare organization’s data is secure and compliant with HIPAA regulations, I would recommend the following steps:

• Conduct a risk assessment to identify potential vulnerabilities and risks
• Implement encryption to protect sensitive data both in transit and at rest
• Implement access controls to restrict access to sensitive data to only those who need it
• Implement multi-factor authentication for all user accounts and enforce strong password policies
• Conduct regular security training for all employees to help them understand the importance of security and their role in maintaining it
• Regularly audit and monitor access logs to detect any unauthorized access attempts or data breaches
• Establish a security incident response plan and conduct regular drills to ensure all staff knows how to respond in case of a security breach.

3. How would you design a secure network architecture for a large enterprise with multiple locations across the globe?

Answer: To design a secure network architecture for a large enterprise with multiple locations across the globe, I would recommend the following:

• Implement a VPN to securely connect all locations
• Use firewalls to control access and secure the network perimeter
• Implement network segmentation to reduce the risk of lateral movement by attackers
• Use intrusion detection and prevention systems to identify and stop attacks in real-time
• Use network monitoring tools to identify any potential security breaches
• Implement multi-factor authentication for all user accounts and enforce strong password policies
• Regularly conduct vulnerability assessments and penetration testing to identify and remediate potential security vulnerabilities
• Establish a security incident response plan and conduct regular drills to ensure all staff knows how to respond in case of a security breach.

4. You’re working for a large financial services company that wants to migrate its infrastructure to the cloud. How would you ensure that the migration is done securely?

Answer: To ensure that a financial services company’s infrastructure migration to the cloud is done securely, I would recommend the following:

• Conduct a thorough risk assessment to identify potential vulnerabilities and risks
• Implement encryption to protect sensitive data both in transit and at rest
• Use multi-factor authentication for all user accounts and enforce strong password policies
• Implement access controls to restrict access to sensitive data to only those who need it
• Deploy intrusion detection and prevention systems to identify and stop attacks in real-time
• Conduct regular vulnerability assessments and penetration testing to identify and remediate potential security vulnerabilities
• Use network segmentation to reduce the risk of lateral movement by attackers
• Establish a security incident response plan and conduct regular drills to ensure all staff knows how to respond in case of a security breach.

5. You’re working for a software development company that wants to implement DevSecOps. What steps would you take to ensure security throughout the development process?

Answer: To ensure security throughout the development process in a DevSecOps implementation, I would recommend the following:

• Conduct regular code reviews to identify any security vulnerabilities
• Use secure coding practices and ensure that all developers are trained in secure coding practices
• Use automated testing tools to identify potential vulnerabilities and security issues
• Implement secure software development lifecycle practices, including threat modeling and security testing
• Use configuration management tools to ensure that all systems are configured securely
• Implement network security controls, including firewalls and intrusion detection and prevention systems
• Use secure containerization technologies to isolate applications and reduce the risk of lateral movement by attackers
• Establish a security incident response plan and conduct regular drills to ensure all staff knows how to respond in case of a security breach.

6. You’re working for a government agency that handles sensitive information. How would you ensure that this information is secure?

Answer: To ensure that sensitive information handled by a government agency is secure, I would recommend the following:

• Conduct a risk assessment to identify potential vulnerabilities and risks
• Implement encryption to protect sensitive data both in transit and at rest
• Implement access controls to restrict access to sensitive data to only those who need it
• Use multi-factor authentication for all user accounts and enforce strong password policies
• Conduct regular security training for all employees to help them understand the importance of security and their role in maintaining it
• Regularly audit and monitor access logs to detect any unauthorized access attempts or data breaches
• Implement intrusion detection and prevention systems to identify and stop attacks in real-time
• Establish a security incident response plan and conduct regular drills to ensure all staff knows how to respond in case of a security breach.

7. How would you implement security measures for a large e-commerce website that handles millions of transactions daily?

Answer: To implement security measures for a large e-commerce website that handles millions of transactions daily, I would recommend the following:

• Use encryption to protect sensitive data both in transit and at rest
• Implement access controls to restrict access to sensitive data to only those who need it
• Use multi-factor authentication for all user accounts and enforce strong password policies
• Conduct regular security training for all employees to help them understand the importance of security and their role in maintaining it
• Implement intrusion detection and prevention systems to identify and stop attacks in real-time
• Regularly conduct vulnerability assessments and penetration testing to identify and remediate potential security vulnerabilities
• Use network segmentation to reduce the risk of lateral movement by attackers
• Establish a security incident response plan and conduct regular drills to ensure all staff knows how to respond in case of a security breach.

8. You’re working for a startup that wants to ensure security from the ground up. How would you approach this?

Answer: To ensure security from the ground up for a startup, I would recommend the following:

• Conduct a risk assessment to identify potential vulnerabilities and risks
• Use secure coding practices and ensure that all developers are trained in secure coding practices
• Implement network security controls, including firewalls and intrusion detection and prevention systems
• Use secure containerization technologies to isolate applications and reduce the risk of lateral movement by attackers
• Implement access controls to restrict access to sensitive data to only those who need it
• Use multi-factor authentication for all user accounts and enforce strong password policies
• Establish a security incident response plan and conduct regular drills to ensure all staff knows how to respond in case of a security breach.

9. How would you approach implementing security measures for a legacy system that was developed without security in mind?

Answer: To approach implementing security measures for a legacy system that was developed without security in mind, I would recommend the following:

• Conduct a thorough security assessment to identify potential vulnerabilities and risks

• Prioritize the most critical security vulnerabilities and develop a plan to remediate them
• Implement access controls to restrict access to sensitive data to only those who need it
• Use multi-factor authentication for all user accounts and enforce strong password policies
• Use network segmentation to reduce the risk of lateral movement by attackers
• Implement intrusion detection and prevention systems to identify and stop attacks in real-time
• Regularly conduct vulnerability assessments and penetration testing to identify and remediate potential security vulnerabilities
• Use secure coding practices for any future development on the legacy system to ensure that security is considered from the outset
• Establish a security incident response plan and conduct regular drills to ensure all staff knows how to respond in case of a security breach.

10. How would you ensure that a company’s data is protected when employees work remotely?

Answer: To ensure that a company’s data is protected when employees work remotely, I would recommend the following:

• Use secure remote access technologies, such as virtual private networks (VPNs), to ensure that remote connections are secure
• Implement multi-factor authentication for all remote access to corporate systems and data
• Enforce strong password policies for all user accounts
• Use encryption to protect sensitive data both in transit and at rest
• Regularly conduct security training for all remote employees to help them understand the importance of security and their role in maintaining it
• Use endpoint protection solutions, such as anti-virus software and firewalls, to ensure that remote devices are secure
• Implement access controls to restrict access to sensitive data to only those who need it
• Regularly monitor access logs to detect any unauthorized access attempts or data breaches
• Establish a security incident response plan and conduct regular drills to ensure all staff knows how to respond in case of a security breach.

11. What steps would you take to ensure that a company’s cloud infrastructure is secure?

Answer: To ensure that a company’s cloud infrastructure is secure, I would recommend the following:

• Conduct a risk assessment to identify potential vulnerabilities and risks
• Implement access controls and use multi-factor authentication for all user accounts
• Use encryption to protect sensitive data both in transit and at rest
• Use network segmentation to reduce the risk of lateral movement by attackers
• Regularly conduct vulnerability assessments and penetration testing to identify and remediate potential security vulnerabilities
• Use cloud security solutions, such as cloud access security brokers (CASBs), to monitor and control access to cloud applications and data
• Establish a security incident response plan and conduct regular drills to ensure all staff knows how to respond in case of a security breach.

12. How would you ensure that a company’s website is secure against common attacks, such as SQL injection and cross-site scripting?

Answer: To ensure that a company’s website is secure against common attacks, such as SQL injection and cross-site scripting, I would recommend the following:

• Use secure coding practices and input validation to prevent SQL injection and cross-site scripting attacks
• Regularly conduct vulnerability assessments and penetration testing to identify and remediate potential security vulnerabilities
• Use intrusion detection and prevention systems to identify and stop attacks in real-time
• Use web application firewalls (WAFs) to protect against common web-based attacks
• Use encryption to protect sensitive data both in transit and at rest
• Regularly audit and monitor access logs to detect any unauthorized access attempts or data breaches
• Establish a security incident response plan and conduct regular drills to ensure all staff knows how to respond in case of a security breach.

13. How would you approach ensuring that a company’s email system is secure against phishing and other email-based attacks?

Answer: To approach ensuring that a company’s email system is secure against phishing and other email-based attacks, I would recommend the following:

• Use email filtering solutions to block known phishing emails and other email-based attacks
• Conduct regular security training for all employees to help them recognize and report phishing emails and other suspicious emails
• Use email authentication technologies, such as Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting, and Conformance (DMARC), to prevent email spoofing and phishing attacks
• Regularly audit and monitor email logs to detect any suspicious activity or email-based attacks
• Use encryption to protect sensitive data in emails both in transit and at rest
• Establish a security incident response plan and conduct regular drills to ensure all staff knows how to respond in case of a security breach.

14. How would you ensure that a company’s mobile devices are secure against malware and other threats?

Answer: To ensure that a company’s mobile devices are secure against malware and other threats, I would recommend the following:

• Use mobile device management (MDM) solutions to enforce security policies and controls on mobile devices
• Use mobile threat defense (MTD) solutions to detect and respond to mobile-based attacks
• Implement access controls to restrict access to sensitive data to only those who need it
• Use encryption to protect sensitive data on mobile devices both in transit and at rest
• Regularly conduct security training for all employees to help them understand the importance of security and their role in maintaining it
• Establish a security incident response plan and conduct regular drills to ensure all staff knows how to respond in case of a security breach.

15. How would you ensure that a company’s network is secure against insider threats?

Answer: To ensure that a company’s network is secure against insider threats, I would recommend the following:

• Use access controls and role-based permissions

• Implement multi-factor authentication for all user accounts
• Use network segmentation to limit access to sensitive data and systems only to those who need it
• Regularly monitor network activity logs to detect any unauthorized access attempts or suspicious activity
• Use intrusion detection and prevention systems to identify and stop attacks in real-time
• Conduct regular security training for all employees to help them understand the importance of security and their role in maintaining it
• Implement data loss prevention (DLP) solutions to prevent sensitive data from being accessed, copied, or transmitted outside the network without authorization
• Establish a security incident response plan and conduct regular drills to ensure all staff knows how to respond in case of a security breach.

16. What steps would you take to ensure that a company’s data backups are secure and can be restored in case of a disaster or ransomware attack?

Answer: To ensure that a company’s data backups are secure and can be restored in case of a disaster or ransomware attack, I would recommend the following:

• Use encryption to protect data both in transit and at rest
• Regularly test and validate data backups to ensure they can be restored in case of a disaster or ransomware attack
• Use secure backup storage solutions, such as cloud storage or off-site physical storage, to protect against physical damage or theft
• Implement access controls to restrict access to data backups only to those who need it
• Use multi-factor authentication for all user accounts with access to data backups
• Conduct regular security training for all employees to help them understand the importance of security and their role in maintaining it
• Establish a security incident response plan and conduct regular drills to ensure all staff knows how to respond in case of a security breach.

17. How would you ensure that a company’s remote desktop protocol (RDP) is secure against attacks?

Answer: To ensure that a company’s remote desktop protocol (RDP) is secure against attacks, I would recommend the following:

• Use secure remote access technologies, such as virtual private networks (VPNs), to ensure that remote connections are secure
• Implement access controls to restrict RDP access only to those who need it
• Use multi-factor authentication for all RDP user accounts
• Regularly monitor RDP logs to detect any unauthorized access attempts or suspicious activity
• Use intrusion detection and prevention systems to identify and stop attacks in real-time
• Use network segmentation to reduce the risk of lateral movement by attackers
• Establish a security incident response plan and conduct regular drills to ensure all staff knows how to respond in case of a security breach.

18. How would you ensure that a company’s cloud-based file sharing and collaboration systems are secure against unauthorized access and data leakage?

Answer: To ensure that a company’s cloud-based file-sharing and collaboration systems are secure against unauthorized access and data leakage, I would recommend the following:

• Use secure cloud-based file-sharing and collaboration solutions that support encryption and access controls
• Implement access controls and use multi-factor authentication for all user accounts
• Use data loss prevention (DLP) solutions to prevent sensitive data from being accessed, copied, or transmitted outside the network without authorization
• Regularly conduct security training for all employees to help them understand the importance of security and their role in maintaining it
• Conduct regular audits and monitor access logs to detect any unauthorized access attempts or data breaches
• Establish a security incident response plan and conduct regular drills to ensure all staff knows how to respond in case of a security breach.

19. What steps would you take to ensure that a company’s supply chain is secure against cyber attacks and data breaches?

Answer: To ensure that a company’s supply chain is secure against cyber attacks and data breaches, I would recommend the following:

• Conduct due diligence on all suppliers and vendors to ensure that they have adequate security measures in place

• Implement access controls and use multi-factor authentication for all supplier and vendor accounts
• Regularly monitor supplier and vendor access logs to detect any unauthorized access attempts or suspicious activity
• Establish clear security requirements and standards for all suppliers and vendors, and regularly audit compliance with those standards
• Conduct regular security training for all employees and contractors involved in the supply chain to help them understand the importance of security and their role in maintaining it
• Use data encryption and secure communication protocols to protect sensitive information being transmitted between parties
• Establish a security incident response plan and conduct regular drills to ensure all staff knows how to respond in case of a security breach.

20. How would you ensure that a company’s website is secure against attacks such as SQL injection or cross-site scripting (XSS)?

Answer: To ensure that a company’s website is secure against attacks such as SQL injection or cross-site scripting (XSS), I would recommend the following:

• Use secure coding practices to ensure that website code is free from vulnerabilities that could be exploited by attackers
• Regularly conduct vulnerability scans and penetration testing to identify any potential weaknesses in the website’s security
• Use web application firewalls (WAFs) to protect against attacks such as SQL injection or cross-site scripting (XSS)
• Use input validation to ensure that user input is sanitized and cannot be used to execute malicious code
• Implement access controls to restrict access to sensitive areas of the website only to those who need it
• Use HTTPS and SSL/TLS encryption to protect data being transmitted between the website and users
• Regularly monitor website logs to detect any unauthorized access attempts or suspicious activity
• Establish a security incident response plan and conduct regular drills to ensure all staff knows how to respond in case of a security breach.

Basic Interview Questions

21. What do you understand by Azure Security Policies?

A security policy defines the arrangement of your workloads and supports in ensuring that you are following the security obligations of your corporation or regulators. However, Azure Security Center provides security suggestions depending on preferred policies. Further, you maintain your policies and set policies over Management groups and multiple subscriptions. While working with Security Policies you use the following options:

• Firstly, observing and editing the built-in default policy
• Secondly, adding your own custom policies
• Lastly, adding regulatory compliance policies

22. What is Network Access Control?

Network Access Control (NAC) is used for managing connectivity to and from specific devices or subnets inside a virtual network. This provides access to virtual machines and services, only to the approved users and devices. However, access controls are based on the choices for allowing or denying connections to and from your virtual machine or service. There are several sorts of network access control in Azure:

• Firstly, Network layer control
• Secondly, Route control and forced tunneling
• Lastly, Virtual network security appliances

23. What do you understand by Azure Network Security?

Network security refers to the process of securing resources from unauthorized access or attack by applying controls to network traffic. The aim is to ensure that only legitimate traffic is given access. Further, Azure contains a robust networking infrastructure for supporting your application and service connectivity requirements. Network connectivity is workable between resources located in Azure, between on-premises and Azure-hosted resources, and to and from the internet and Azure.

24. What are the applied security laws for securing data in a Cloud?

This include:

1. Processing

This handles the data that is being operated accurately and thoroughly in any application.

2. File

This maintains and controls the data manipulated in any of the files.

3. Output reconciliation

This controls the data that has to be adjusted from input to output.

4. Input Validation

The manages the input data.

5. Security and Backup

This sends security and backup along with managing the security breach logs.

25. What is the role of a Microsoft Security Engineer?

Microsoft Security Engineer controls the security posture, identifying, and remediating vulnerabilities by using various security tools, implementing threat protection, and responding to security incident escalations. They serve as part of a larger team devoted to cloud-based management and security. Further, they also help in securing hybrid environments as part of an end-to-end infrastructure.

26. What are the Azure Security Center challenges?

There are three security challenges:

• Firstly, fastly changing workloads
• Secondly, increasingly advanced attacks
• Lastly, a short supply of security skills

27. What are the essential things to be considered before selecting a cloud provider?

• Firstly, the provider should contain a track record of stability. And, it should be in a healthy financial position with sufficient capital for operating successfully over the long term. They must have risk management policies and a formal process for examining third-party service providers and vendors.
• Secondly, the providers should be able to provide a level of service that you are comfortable with. They must check the performance reports and control access for tracking and monitoring services.
• Thirdly, they must have mechanisms for easily deploying, controlling, and upgrading your software and applications. Also, they should use standard APIs and data transforms for creating connections to the cloud.
• Lastly, there must be a general security infrastructure for all levels and types of cloud services. They must offer policies and procedures for ensuring the integrity that the customer data should be in place and operational.

28. What do you understand by encryption of data at rest?

Data at rest includes information that stays in resolute storage on physical media, in any digital format. However, the media can take in files on magnetic or optical media, archived data, and data backups. So, Data Encryption at rest is intended for preventing the attacker from accessing the unencrypted data by making sure the data is encrypted when on disk. Data encryption at rest can be accessible for services over the cloud models such as Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS).

29. Name the types of Azure Encryption models.

The types of Azure Encryption models are:

• Firstly, Client-side encryption of Azure blobs
• Secondly, Client-side encryption
• Thirdly, Server-side encryption
• Fourthly, Azure disk encryption
• Then, Azure Storage Service Encryption
• After that, Data at rest encryption with Azure SQL Database
• Cosmos DB database encryption
• Lastly, At-rest encryption in Data Lake

30. Explain the level of security in the cloud?

Security is necessary for securing the applications and services used by the user. However, the cloud offers various levels of security:

1. Identity management

This allows the application service or hardware component to be used by authorized users.

2. Access control

This examines the permissions provided to the users so that they can control the access of other users going into the cloud environment.

3. Authorization and authentication

This provides provision to the authorized users for only accessing and changing the applications and data.

31. What are Windows virtual machines in Azure?

Azure Virtual Machines (VM) or Windows Virtual Machines refers to an on-demand, scalable computing resource. VM helps in taking over the control of the computing environment. Moreover, the Azure VM provides the flexibility of virtualization without having any need for buying and maintaining the physical hardware running it. But, there is a need for maintaining the VM during performing tasks like configuring, patching, and installing the software running it.

32. What do you know about Azure VNet?

Azure Virtual Network (VNet) can be defined as the basic building block for your private network in Azure. VNet allows various types of Azure resources like Azure Virtual Machines (VM), for securely communicating with each other, the internet, and on-premises networks. This can work in your own data center with providing additional benefits of Azure’s infrastructure like scale, availability, and isolation.

33. What is the role of the Azure Virtual network?

The Azure virtual network allows Azure resources for securely communicating with each other, the internet, and on-premises networks. Key scenarios that you can achieve with a virtual network include:

• Firstly, communication of Azure resources with the internet
• Secondly, communication between Azure resources
• Thirdly, communication with on-premises resources
• Then, filtering network traffic
• After that, routing network traffic
• Lastly, integration with Azure services.

34. What are the ways to create VNet In Azure?

For creating a VNet in Azure you can use:

• Firstly, the Azure portal
• Secondly, PowerShell
• Thirdly, Azure CLI

35. What is a Hybrid cloud?

Hybrid clouds refer to the combination of public and private clouds bounded together by technology. However, by allowing data and applications for moving between private and public clouds, a hybrid cloud gives your business greater flexibility, more deployment options, and helps in optimizing your existing infrastructure, security, and compliance.

36. What is Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)?

IaaS uses a pay-as-you-go model for taking IT infrastructure, servers, and VM, storage, networks, operating systems from a cloud provider. This refers to a type of cloud computing service that offers essential compute, storage, and networking resources.

37. Exaplain Platform as a service (PaaS).

Platform as a service refers to cloud computing services used for supplying an on-demand environment for developing, testing, delivering, and managing software applications. This is designed for making it easier for developers to build web or mobile apps, without any need for setting up or managing the underlying infrastructure of servers, storage, network, and databases needed for development.

38. What is Software as a service (SaaS)?

Software as a service is referred to as a method for delivering software applications over the Internet, on-demand, and typically on a subscription basis. Using SaaS, cloud providers host and manage the software application and underlying infrastructure, and control maintenance like software upgrades and security patching. 

39. What is the way to limit the inbound or outbound traffic flow to VNet-connected resources?

For this, you can use the Network Security Groups (NSGs). You can deploy NSG to individual subnets inside a VNet, NICs connected to a VNet or both.

40. Is it possible to utilize a dedicated firewall between VNet-connected resources?

Yes, it is possible to utilize a firewall network virtual appliance from various vendors via the Azure Marketplace.

41. How to configure DNS servers for a VNet?

For configuring, just define DNS server IP addresses in the VNet settings. Then, the setting is requested as the default DNS server(s) for all VMs in the VNet.

42. What is a Public Cloud?

Public clouds are basically owned and utilized by third-party cloud service providers. They further deliver their computing resources, like servers and storage, over the Internet. For example, Microsoft Azure is a public cloud. By using a public cloud, all hardware, software, and other supporting infrastructure is owned and managed by the cloud provider. 

43. What is a Private cloud?

A private cloud refers to cloud computing resources that are used by a single business or organization. This can be physically located on the company’s on-site data center. However, some companies also pay third-party service providers for hosting their private cloud. 

44. What is the role of Virtual Network Point-to-site VPN?

Point-to-Site VPN allows you for connecting to your virtual machines on Azure virtual networks from anywhere. This helps in providing a secure connection to the virtual network same as VPN clients for connecting to your company’s corporate network.

45. What is Virtual Network Site-to-site VPN?

A site-to-site VPN provides access for creating a secure connection between your on-premises site and your virtual network. The industry-standard IPsec VPN is used in Azure.

46. What do you understand by ExpressRoute?

ExpressRoute allows for extending your on-premises networks into the Microsoft cloud over a private connection using a connectivity provider. This allows creating a connection to Microsoft cloud services like Microsoft Azure and Microsoft 365. However, the ExpressRoute connections don’t go over the public Internet. This allows ExpressRoute connections for providing more reliability, faster speeds, consistent latencies, and higher security than typical connections over the Internet. 

47. Exaplain VNets Peering in Azure.

Virtual network peering allows you to smoothly connect two or more Virtual Networks in Azure. The virtual networks occur as one for connectivity purposes. However, the traffic between virtual machines in peered virtual networks utilizes the Microsoft backbone infrastructure. For example, for the traffic between virtual machines in the same network, traffic is routed via Microsoft’s private network only. Further, Azure has the following types of peering:

• Firstly, Virtual network peering. This is for connecting virtual networks inside the same Azure region.
• Secondly, Global virtual network peering. This is for linking virtual networks over Azure regions.

48. What is Azure CDN?

Azure Content Delivery Network (CDN) can be defined as a CDN solution for delivering high-bandwidth content. This can host in Azure or any other location. However, the Azure CDN uses caching for improving the website performance, lowering load times, saving bandwidth, and speeding up responsiveness. Further, it stores cached content on edge servers in point-of-presence (POP) close locations to end-users in order for minimizing latency and Performance.

49. What is an Azure Service Level Agreement (SLA)?

Azure SLA service assures that while sending two or more role instances for each role, access to your cloud service will be maintained all the time. This describes Microsoft’s commitments for uptime and connectivity.

50. What do you understand by Azure Monitor?

Azure Monitor is used for maximizing the availability and performance of your applications and services. This provides a general solution for collecting, analyzing, and acting on telemetry from your cloud and on-premises environments. Further, this information helps you in understanding the process of applications performance and dynamically identifying issues affecting them and the resources they depend on.

51. Provide some of the uses of Azure Monitoring.

• Firstly, it can detect and diagnose issues over applications and dependencies with Application Insights.
• Secondly, it helps in correlating infrastructure issues with VM insights and Container insights.
• Thirdly, you can drill into your monitoring data with Log Analytics for troubleshooting and deep diagnostics.
• Next, it has complete support for operations at scale with smart alerts and automated actions.
• You can build visualizations with Azure dashboards and workbooks.
• Lastly, it helps in gathering  data from monitored resources using Azure Monitor 

52. Explain Azure Active Directory (AD) service?

Azure Active Directory (Azure AD) refers to a multi-tenant cloud-based identity and directory management service which is a combination of core directory services, application access management, and identity protection.

53. Can you name the principal segments of the Azure platform?

There are three principal segments in Azure:

1. Windows Azure Compute

This segment provides code that a hosting environment manages. Moreover, it consists of three roles which are Web Role, Worker Role, and VM Role.

2. Windows Azure Storage

This provides storage solutions using the services like Queue, Tables, Blobs, and Windows Azure Drives (VHD).

3. Windows Azure AppFabric

This consists of services like Service bus, Access, Caching, Integration, and Composite.

54. What are the SQL Azure firewall rules?

The firewall examines access to the deriving IPs from which a user may try for accessing the database. For configuring the firewall, firstly, it is necessary for configuring a range of acceptable IP addresses upon which we try to connect to the SQL Azure server using the SQL Server Management Studio. However, by default Database built-in SQL Azure is blocked by the firewall for improved security. As a result, SQL Azure firewall rules are provided for protecting the data and for preventing access restrictions to the SQL Azure database

55. Can you explain Azure Traffic Manager?

Azure Traffic Manager refers to a DNS-based traffic load balancer that provides access for distributing traffic to your public-facing applications over the global Azure regions. This also provides public endpoints with high availability and quick responsiveness. Moreover, it uses DNS for directing the client requests to the appropriate service endpoint depending on a traffic-routing method. Further, you can also keep a check on every endpoint using health monitoring. Lastly, it offers traffic-routing methods and endpoint monitoring options for suiting various application requirements and automatic failover models.

56. Explain the break-fix issue in Azure.

If there are some technical problems in Azure then that is called a break-fix issue. This is basically an industry term that can be defined as the work involved in supporting a technology when it fails in the normal course of its function, which requires intervention by a support organization to be re-established to working order.

57. What is an Availability Set?

An availability set can be defined as a logical grouping of VMs that provides access to Azure for understanding the process of creating applications for providing redundancy and availability. It is recommended that two or more VMs are built inside an availability set for providing a highly available application and for meeting the Azure SLA accuracy. However, there is no cost for the Availability Set, you only pay for each VM instance that you create.

58. Which service should I use for achieving high availability by autoscaling to create thousands of VMs in minutes?

Virtual Machine Scale Sets can be used. This helps in creating large-scale services for batch, big data, and container workloads. Further, you can create and control a group of heterogeneous load-balanced virtual machines (VMs). This also helps in centrally managing, configuring, and updating thousands of VMs and provides higher availability and security for your applications.

59. Explain Virtual Machine scale sets in Azure.

VM scale sets can be defined as the Azure compute resource whose function is to deploy and control a set of identical VMs. These scale sets provide a simple process for creating large-scale services targeting big compute, big data, and containerized workloads if all the VMs configured the same.

60. What do you understand by the term Azure Redis Cache?

Azure Redis cache refers to an open-source, in-memory Redis cache system maintained by Azure. This is used for helping web applications in improving their performance by fetching data from the backend database. Then, storing the data into the Redis cache for the first request and fetching data from the Redis cache for all subsequent requests.

Final Words

Above, we have discussed the top Microsoft Security Engineer interview questions. For starting a career as a Security Engineer, it is important to gain skills for implementing security controls and threat protection, controlling identity and access, and protecting data, applications, and networks in cloud and hybrid environments. However, this position has a huge demand in the job sector as all organizations want someone to handles and manage their data by creating a secure environment. So, grab the role of the Microsoft Security Engineer and prepare for the interview using the above questions.

Pass the Microsoft AZ-500 Exam and become Certified Security Engineer Associate Now!