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Define the AWS Global Infrastructure

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The AWS Cloud operates 44 Availability Zones within 16 geographic Regions around the world, with announced plans for 17 more Availability Zones and six more Regions in Bahrain, China, France, Hong Kong, Sweden, and a second AWS GovCloud Region in the US.

AWS Regions and Availability Zones

  • The AWS Cloud infrastructure is built around Regions and Availability Zones (“AZs”).
  • A Region is a physical location in the world where we have multiple Availability Zones.
  • Availability Zones consist of one or more discrete data centers, each with redundant power, networking and connectivity, housed in separate facilities.
  • AZs offer you the ability to operate production applications and databases which are more highly available, fault tolerant and scalable than would be possible from a single data center.
  • The AWS Cloud operates 44 Availability Zones within 16 geographic Regions around the world.

Region & Number of Availability Zones

  • US East – N. Virginia (6), Ohio (3)
  • US West – N. California (3), Oregon (3)
  • Asia Pacific – Mumbai (2), Seoul (2), Singapore (2), Sydney (3), Tokyo (3)
  • Canada – Central (2)
  • China – Beijing (2)
  • Europe – Frankfurt (3), Ireland (3), London (2)
  • South America – São Paulo (3)
  • AWS GovCloud (US-West) (2)

AWS Global Infrastructure Components

The components are:

  • Availability Zones (AZs)
  • Regions
  • Edge Locations
  • Regional Edge Caches

High Availability Through Multiple Availability Zones

  • An availability zone is a facility that can be somewhere in a country or in a city. Inside this facility, i.e., Data Centre, there are multiple servers, switches, load balancing, firewalls. The things which interact with the cloud sits inside the data centers.
  • An availability zone can be a several data centers, but if they are close together, they are counted as 1 availability zone.
  • Each AWS Region has multiple Availability Zones and data centers.
  • Applications across multiple Availability Zones in the same region have fault tolerance and low latency.
  • Availability Zones are connected to each other with fast, private fiber-optic networking,
  • Helps to architect applications that automatically fail-over between Availability Zones without interruption.
  • The AWS Cloud has announced plans to expand with 17 new Availability Zones in six new geographic Regions: Bahrain, China, France, Hong Kong, Sweden, and a second AWS GovCloud Region in the US.

Improving Continuity With Replication Between Regions

  • A region is a geographical area. Each region consists of 2 more availability zones.
  • A region is a collection of data centers which are completely isolated from other regions.
  • A region consists of more than two availability zones connected to each other through links.
  • Increase redundancy and fault tolerance further by replicating data between geographic Regions.
  • Use both private, high speed networking and public internet connections to provide an additional layer of business continuity, or to provide low latency access across the globe.
  • Availability zones are connected through redundant and isolated metro fibers.
  • Retain complete control and ownership over the region in which your data is physically located,
  • Easily meet regional compliance and data residency requirements.

Edge Locations

  • Edge locations are the endpoints for AWS used for caching content.
  • Edge locations consist of CloudFront, Amazon’s Content Delivery Network (CDN).
  • Edge locations are more than regions. Currently, there are over 150 edge locations.
  • Edge location is not a region but a small location that AWS have. It is used for caching the content.
  • Edge locations are mainly located in most of the major cities to distribute the content to end users with reduced latency.
  • For example, some user accesses your website from Singapore; then this request would be redirected to the edge location closest to Singapore where cached data can be read.

Regional Edge Cache

  • AWS announced a new type of edge location in November 2016, known as a Regional Edge Cache.
  • Regional Edge cache lies between CloudFront Origin servers and the edge locations.
  • A regional edge cache has a large cache than an individual edge location.
  • Data is removed from the cache at the edge location while the data is retained at the Regional Edge Caches.
  • When the user requests the data, then data is no longer available at the edge location. Therefore, the edge location retrieves the cached data from the Regional edge cache instead of the Origin servers that have high latency.

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