Software Development Fundamentals (98-361) Interview Questions

Preparing for an interview is as important as preparing for an exam. Therefore, preparing for an interview takes a lot more practice and confidence to ace any exam. You have to make the best first impression. So to help our candidates to prepare well for the interview, we have tried our best to present you with the best and expert-revised interview questions. Moreover, we have covered all questions from basic to intermediate and to advance level. Therefore, we highly recommend the aspirants prepare with the best and achieve the best. But first, let’s take an overview of the Software Development Fundamentals (98-361).

Overview

The Software Development Fundamentals 98-361 exam is intended for candidates who are seeking to prove core software development skills. With this certification, candidates develop skills in Visual Studio, Data Types, Decision Structures, Repetition, Error Handling, Classes, Inheritance and Polymorphism, Encapsulation, Algorithms, Data Structures, and Web Page Development.

Now let’s begin with Software Development Fundamentals (98-361) Interview Questions.

What are Flowchart Workflows?

A flowchart is a well-known paradigm for designing programs. The Flowchart activity is typically used to implement non-sequential workflows but can be used for sequential workflows if no flowdecisions are used.

Name the different types of flow nodes?

Types of flowchart elements include:

• FlowStep
• FlowDecision
• Lastly, FlowSwitch

Give some Considerations with Recursive Procedures?

• Firstly, Limiting conditions
• Secondly, Memory usage
• Thirdly, Efficiency
• Fourthly, Memory recursive
• Fifthly, Calling with Parentheses
• Lastly, Testing

What do you mean by Encapsulation?

Encapsulation is defined as a group of related properties, methods, and other members are treated as a single unit or object.

Describe Inheritance?

Inheritance describes the ability to create new classes based on an existing class.

Define Polymorphism?

Polymorphism means that you can have multiple classes that can be used interchangeably, even though each class implements the same properties or methods in different ways.

What is Interfaces?

Interfaces, define a set of properties, methods, and events. But unlike classes, interfaces do not provide implementation. An interface represents a contract, in that a class that implements an interface must implement every aspect of that interface exactly as it is defined.

What are Delegates?

A delegate is defined as a method signature and can provide a reference to any method with a compatible signature. Users can call the method through the delegate. Delegates are used to pass methods as arguments to other methods.

What are the advantages of using Inheritance?

• Inheritance, together with encapsulation and polymorphism, is one of the three primary characteristics of object-oriented programming.
• Inheritance enables you to create new classes that reuse, extend, and modify the behavior defined in other classes.
• Interface declarations define a default implementation for its members. 

What is the difference between base and derived class?

The class whose members are inherited is called the base class, and the class that inherits those members is called the derived class. A derived class can have only one direct base class. However, inheritance is transitive.

Give the difference between Abstract and virtual methods?

When a base class declares a method as virtual, a derived class can override the method with its own implementation. If a base class declares a member as abstract, that method must be overridden in any non-abstract class that directly inherits from that class. If a derived class is itself abstract, it inherits abstract members without implementing them.

What are the basis of Polymorphism?

Abstract and virtual members are the basis for polymorphism.

When can one declare a class as abstract?

You can declare a class as abstract if you want to prevent direct instantiation by using the new operator. An abstract class can contain one or more method signatures that themselves are declared as abstract. A class can implement multiple interfaces even though it can derive from only a single direct base class.

What choices derived class make for the behavior of virtual members?

• Firstly, The derived class may override virtual members in the base class, defining new behavior.
• Secondly, The derived class inherits the closest base class method without overriding it, preserving the existing behavior but enabling further derived classes to override the method.
• Lastly, The derived class may define the new non-virtual implementation of those members that hide the base class implementations.

Can Fields be virtual?

No, Fields can’t be virtual, only methods, properties, events, and indexers can be virtual. When a derived class overrides a virtual member, that member is called even when an instance of that class is being accessed as an instance of the base class.

Give some examples of access modifiers?

• Public
• Private
• Protected
• Internal
• Protected Internal
• Private protected

What is the full form of ALM?

ALM stands for Application lifecycle management.

What is ALM?

ALM is the lifecycle management of applications, which includes governance, development, and maintenance. Moreover, it includes disciplines like: requirements management, software architecture, development, testing, maintenance, change management, continuous integration, project management, deployment, and release management. ALM tools provide a standardized system for communication and collaboration between software development teams and related departments, such as test and operations. These tools can also automate the process of software development and delivery. Moreover, ALM combines the disciplines concerned with all aspects of the process to achieve the goal of driving efficiency through predictable and repeatable software delivery.

What are the Key features of ALM?

The key features of ALM includes the following:

• Governance: It includes requirements management, resource management, data security, user access, change tracking, review, audit, deployment control, and rollback.
• Application development: It includes identifying current problems, and planning, design, building, and testing the application. This area includes traditional developer and app maker roles.
• Maintenance: It includes deployment of the app and maintenance of optional and dependent technologies

List application lifecycle of ALM?

• Firstly, plan and track
• Secondly, develop
• Thirdly, build and test
• Fourthly, deploy
• Fifthly, operate
• Sixthly, monitor
• Lastly, learn from discovery.

What are the basic concepts required for understanding ALM using the Microsoft Power Platform?

• Solutions are the mechanism for implementing ALM; you use them to distribute components across environments through export and import. A component represents something that you can potentially customize. Anything that can be included in a solution is a component, such as site maps, apps, entities, fields, charts, or plug-ins.
• Dataverse stores all the artifacts, including solutions.
• Source control should be your source of truth for storing and collaborating on your components.

What is a Stack?

The standard list collection has both a head and a tail, it is easy to create a derived list collection that mimics the behavior of a last-in-first-out stack. A stack is like a stack of trays in a cafeteria.

What are Queues?

The standard list collection has both a head and a tail, it is also easy to create a derived list collection that mimics the behavior of a first-in-first-out queue. A queue is like a line of people in a cafeteria.

List some Common collection features?

• The ability to enumerate the collection.
• The ability to copy the collection contents to an array.
• Capacity and Count properties
• A consistent lower bound
• Synchronization for access from multiple threads

What is Relational database management systems?

• Relational databases organize data as a series of two-dimensional tables with rows and columns.
• An RDBMS typically implements a transactionally consistent mechanism that conforms to the ACID (Atomic, Consistent, Isolated, Durable) model for updating information.
• An RDBMS typically supports a schema-on-write model, where the data structure is defined ahead of time, and all read or write operations must use the schema.
• However, an RDBMS generally can’t scale out horizontally without sharding the data in some way.

What is the workload of RDBMS?

• Records are frequently created and updated.
• Multiple operations have to be completed in a single transaction.
• Relationships are enforced using database constraints.
• Indexes are used to optimize query performance.

What sort of data type is used in RDBMS?

• Firstly, Data is highly normalized.
• Secondly, Database schemas are required and enforced.
• Thirdly, Many-to-many relationships between data entities in the database.
• Fourthly, Constraints are defined in the schema and imposed on any data in the database.
• Fifthly, Data requires high integrity. Indexes and relationships need to be maintained accurately.
• Sixthly, Data requires strong consistency. Transactions operate in a way that ensures all data are 100% consistent for all users and processes.
• Lastly, The size of individual data entries is small to medium-sized.

Give few examples of RDBMS?

• Inventory management
• Order management
• Reporting database
• Accounting

Give the full form of CSS?

The CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets.

What is SOAP?

SOAP is a simple XML-based protocol that enables applications to exchange information over HTTP. SOAP provides a way to communicate between applications that are running on different operating systems, with different technologies and programming languages. Moreover, SOAP is considered to be the wire format that is used for messaging, and HTTP and HTTPS are the underlying transport protocols.