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6. Using Java Objects

• Printing to the Console

• Printf Format Strings

• StringBuilder and StringBuffer

• Methods and Messages

• toString

• Parameter Passing

• Comparing and Identifying Objects

• Destroying Objects

• The Primitive-Type Wrapper Classes

• Enumerated Types

7. Inheritance in Java

• Inheritance

• Inheritance in Java

• Casting

• Method Overriding

• Polymorphism

• Super

• The Object Class

8. Advanced Inheritance and Generics

• Abstract Classes

• Interfaces

• Using Interfaces

• Collections

• Generics

• Comparable

9. Packages

• Packages

• The import Statement

• Static Imports

• CLASSPATH and Import

• Defining Packages

• Package Scope

10. Exception Handling

• Exceptions Overview

• Catching Exceptions

• The finally Block

• Exception Methods

• Declaring Exceptions

• Defining and Throwing Exceptions

• Errors and Runtime Exceptions

11. Input/Output Streams

• Overview of Streams

• Bytes vs. Characters

• Converting Byte Streams to Character Streams

• File Object

• Binary Input and Output

• PrintWriter Class

• Reading and Writing Objects

• Closing Streams

12. Core Collection Classes

• The Collections Framework

• The Set Interface

• Set Implementation Classes

• The List Interface

• List Implementation Classes

• The Queue Interface

• Queue Implementation Classes

• The Map Interface

• Map Implementation Classes

13. Appendix A – Collection Sorting and Tuning

• Sorting with Comparable

• Sorting with Comparator

• Sorting Lists and Arrays

• Collections Utility Methods

• Tuning ArrayList

• Tuning HashMap and HashSet

14. Appendix B – Java EE Overview

• Introduction to Java EE

• Java SE Building Blocks

• Web Applications

• Web Services

• Enterprise JavaBeans

• Additional J2EE APIs

• POJO, Dependency Injection, and Annotations

• The Java EE Platform

15. Appendix C – Eclipse Shortcuts

• Shortcut Key Sequences

• More Shortcut Key Sequences

✓ Do you know about 5 Primary goals of JAVA?

There were five primary goals in the creation of the Java language:

1. It must be simple, object-oriented, and familiar.

2. It must be robust and secure.

3. It must be architecture-neutral and portable.

4. It must execute with high performance.

5. It must be interpreted, threaded, and dynamic.

Besides Seeing the course videos, we should be able to code daily. In what view we should start our coding practice, to absorb the concepts systematically?? That’s should be taken take.

You can access the TestPrepTraining.com’s Test Series Content from this link:

https://www.testpreptraining.com/introduction-to-programming-using-java-98-388- certification-exam

So we should opt for daily practicing of coding such that we will derive the new corners of the Programming Language. Not only JAVA, If choose C, Python… any Language needs good practice to cherish in it. While I was practicing, I found out few things which exclaimed me. They are all seems to be general for programmer, but those things were exclaimed me!!

✓ Hello world Program

The traditional Hello world program can be written in Java as:

public class HelloWorldApp {

public static void main(String[] args) {

System.out.println(“Hello World!”); // Prints the string to the console.

Every source file in Java should have the same name as the public class it contains, followed by “.java.” For instance, if it has a public class called “HelloWorldApp,” the file should be named “HelloWorldApp.java.”

Before you can run it, you must first turn it into bytecode using a Java compiler. This will create a file with the “.class” extension, like “HelloWorldApp.class.”

In a Java source file, you can have just one public class. However, you can have multiple classes with non-public access and any number of public inner classes. When your source file has multiple classes, one class must be declared public (using the “public” keyword), and the source file should be named after that public class.

A class that is not declared public may be stored in any .java file. The compiler will generate a class file for each class defined in the source file. The name of the class file is the name of the class, with .class appended. For class file generation, anonymous classes are treated as if their name were the concatenation of the name of their enclosing class, a $, and an integer.

The keyword public denotes that a method can be called from code in other classes, or that a class may be used by classes outside the class hierarchy. The class hierarchy is related to the name of the directory in which the .java file is located. This is called an access level modifier. Other access level modifiers include the keywords private(a method that can only be accessed in the same class) and protected(which allows code from the same package to access). If a piece of code attempts to access private methods or protected methods, the JVM will throw a SecurityException

The keyword static in front of a method indicates a static method, which is associated only with the class and not with any specific instance of that class. Only static methods can be invoked without a reference to an object. Static methods cannot access any class members that are not also static. Methods that are not designated static are instance methods and require a specific instance of a class to operate.

The keyword void indicates that the main method does not return any value to the caller. If a Java program is to exit with an error code, it must call System.exit() explicitly.

The method name main is not a keyword in the Java language. It is simply the name of the method the Java launcher calls to pass control to the program. Java classes that run in managed environments such as applets and Enterprise JavaBeans do not use or need a main() method. A Java program may contain multiple classes that have main methods, which means that the VM needs to be explicitly told which class to launch from.

The main method in Java needs to take in an array of String objects. Usually, people call this array “args,” but you can use a different name if it follows the rules.

Starting from Java 5, the main method can also use something called “variable arguments.” Instead of just “String[] args,” you can write “String… args,” which means you can give the main method any number of String arguments. The result is the same as before (it’s still treated as an array of String objects), but it provides a different way to create and pass that array.

The Java launcher launches Java by loading a given class (specified on the command line or as an attribute in a JAR) and starting its public static void main(String[]) method. Stand-alone programs must declare this method explicitly. The String[] args parameter is

Article on TestPrepTraining’s: Introduction to Programming Using JAVA – M.R.K.S.N.SAI

The “main” method in Java takes an array of words or phrases called “arguments” that you pass to the class. These arguments are usually given through the command line when you run a Java program.

To display information on the screen in Java, we use something called “printing.” Java has a built-in way to do this using the “System” class, which has a special object called “out.” This “out” object belongs to the “PrintStream” class and has various methods for printing stuff on the screen. One common method is “println(String),” which not only displays the given text but also adds a new line afterward.

The string “Hello World!” is automatically converted to a String object by the compiler.

This is the basic thing which I known in my initial days. Gradually, while I was keep on practising rigorously, I came to knew about the following things also…

✓ Applet

Java applets were programs that were embedded in other applications, typically in a Web page displayed in a web browser. The Java applet API is now deprecated since Java 8 in 2017. _✓_Servlet

Java servlet technology provides Web developers with a simple, consistent mechanism for extending the functionality of a Web server and for accessing existing business systems. Servlets are server-side Java EE components that generate responses (typically HTML pages) to requests (typically HTTP requests) from clients.

The Java servlet API has to some extent been superseded by two standard Java technologies for web services:

• The Java API for RESTful Web Services (JAX-RS 2.0) useful for AJAX, JSON and REST services, and

• The Java API for XML Web Services (JAX-WS) useful for SOAP Web Services.

✓ JavaServer Pages

JavaServer Pages (JSP) are like computer programs that run on a web server. They create web pages, usually in HTML, when someone asks for them through a web browser. JSPs mix regular HTML with special markers (<% and %>) to include Java code.

When you visit a JSP web page, it’s turned into a special kind of Java program called a servlet. This happens the first time you access it. Afterward, this servlet handles making the web page every time it’s requested.

✓ Swing application

Swing is a tool that helps create the visual part of computer programs in Java. You can make it look like different styles, such as Windows, GTK+, or Motif. Sun, the company behind Java, offers these styles, and Apple has one called Aqua for Mac.

In older versions, Swing didn’t always look quite right on different systems. But in Java SE 6, they improved it by making it use the computer’s own way of drawing buttons and windows, which makes it fit in better with the rest of the system.

✓ JavaFX application

JavaFX is a program for making desktop and web applications that can work on many different devices. It’s meant to take over from Swing, another program used for making the visual part of Java programs, but Swing will still be around for a while.

JavaFX works on Windows, Linux, and macOS, but it doesn’t try to copy the look of those systems exactly. Instead, it has its own style.

✓ Generics

In 2004, generics were added to the Java language, as part of J2SE 5.0. Prior to the introduction of generics, each variable declaration had to be of a specific type. For container classes, for example, this is a problem because there is no easy way to create a container that accepts only specific types of objects. Either the container operates on all subtypes of a class or interface, usually Object, or a different container class has to be created for each contained class. Generics allow compile-time type checking without having to create many container classes, each containing almost identical code. In addition to enabling more efficient code, certain runtime exceptions are prevented from occurring, by issuing compile- time errors. If Java prevented all runtime type errors (ClassCastExceptions) from occurring, it would be type safe.

The Java Class Library is the standard library, developed to support application development in Java. It is controlled by Oracle in cooperation with others through the Java Community Process program.^[69]Companies or individuals participating in this process can influence the design and development of the APIs. This process has been a subject of controversy during the 2010s.^[70]The class library contains features such as:

• The core libraries, which include:

o IO/NIO o Networking o Reflection o Concurrency o Generics o Scripting/Compiler

o Functional programming (Lambda, Streaming) o Collection libraries that implement data structures such as lists, dictionaries,

trees, sets, queues and double-ended queue, or stacks^[71]o XML Processing (Parsing, Transforming, Validating) libraries o Security^[72]o Internationalization and localization libraries^[73]

• The integration libraries, which allow the application writer to communicate with external systems. These libraries include:

o The Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) API for database access o Java Naming and Directory Interface (JNDI) for lookup and discovery o RMI and CORBA for distributed application development o JMX for managing and monitoring applications

• User interface libraries, which include:

o The (heavyweight, or native) Abstract Window Toolkit (AWT), which provides GUI components, the means for laying out those components and the means for handling events from those components o The (lightweight) Swing libraries, which are built on AWT but provide (non-

native) implementations of the AWT widgetry o APIs for audio capture, processing, and playback o JavaFX

• It’s a version of the Java virtual machine that runs Java programs and third-party apps, but it’s made specifically for a certain type of computer system.

• Plugins, which enable applets to be run in web browsers

• Java Web Start, which allows Java applications to be efficiently distributed to end users across the Internet

• Licensing and documentation

✓ Implementations

Oracle Corporation is the company that now owns and manages the official version of the Java SE platform. They got it when they bought Sun Microsystems in 2010. This version of Java is built on the original one made by Sun.

You can use Oracle’s Java on Microsoft Windows (it even works on older versions like XP, but they only officially support newer ones), macOS, Linux, and Solaris.

Since Java doesn’t have a formal standard accepted by big organizations like Ecma International, ISO/IEC, or ANSI, the Oracle version has become the widely accepted standard that most people use.

The Oracle implementation is packaged into two different distributions: The Java Runtime Environment (JRE) which contains the parts of the Java SE platform required to run Java programs and is intended for end users, and the Java Development Kit (JDK), which is intended for software developers and includes development tools such as the Java compiler, Javadoc, Jar, and a debugger. Oracle has also released GraalVM, a high performance Java dynamic compiler and interpreter.

OpenJDK is another notable Java SE implementation that is licensed under the GNU GPL. The implementation started when Sun began releasing the Java source code under the GPL. As of Java SE 7, OpenJDK is the official Java reference implementation.

The goal of Java is to make all implementations of Java compatible. Historically, Sun’s trademark license for usage of the Java brand insists that all implementations be compatible. This resulted in a legal dispute with Microsoft after Sun claimed that the Microsoft implementation did not support RMI or JNI and had added platform-specific features of their own. Sun sued in 1997, and, in 2001, won a settlement of US$20 million, as well as a court order enforcing the terms of the license from Sun.^[75]As a result, Microsoft no longer ships Java with Windows.

Platform-independent Java is essential to Java EE, and an even more rigorous validation is required to certify an implementation. This environment enables portable server-side applications.

✓ Use outside the Java platform

The Java programming language requires the presence of a software platform in order for compiled programs to be executed.

Oracle supplies the Java platform for use with Java. The Android SDK is an alternative software platform, used primarily for developing Android applications with its own GUI system.

Android

The Android operating system makes extensive use of Java-related technology. The Java language is a key pillar in Android, an open source mobile operating system. Although Android, built on the Linux kernel, is written largely in C, the Android SDK uses the Java language as the basis for Android applications but does not use any of its standard GUI, SE, ME or other established Java standards.^[76]The bytecode language supported by the Android SDK is incompatible with Java bytecode and runs on its own virtual machine, optimized for low-memory devices such as smartphones and tablet computers. Depending on the Android version, the bytecode is either interpreted by the Dalvik virtual machine or compiled into native code by the Android Runtime.

Android does not provide the full Java SE standard library, although the Android SDK does include an independent implementation of a large subset of it. It supports Java 6 and some Java 7 features, offering an implementation compatible with the standard library (Apache Harmony).

I would like to conclude with this quote…

Truth can only be found in one place: the code.

This line keeps motivating me, throughout my competitive coding journey!!

Happy Coding ☺

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How to become a Blockchain Developer?

TestPrepTraining — Mon, 18 Mar 2019 19:47:17 +0000

How to Enter the Path of a Blockchain Developer? With its groundbreaking nature, blockchain technology paves the road to novel avenues of development, inviting innovative and tech-savvy minds to contribute. If you’re eager to become a participant in this technological realm and wish to channel your creative thinking, this article offers guidance on how to embark on this journey.

Who is a blockchain developer?

A Blockchain Developer is tasked with constructing the foundation of a blockchain system and enhancing its protocols through the creation of specific contracts and web applications. This role holds a certain allure as the technology unfolds, arousing curiosity and interest in such an advanced and forward-looking domain. However, before composing a poem, one must establish a connection with the words to effectively convey emotions.

So first, let’s clear our insights over the basics of blockchain.

Blockchain

It is a type of distributed ledger for maintaining a permanent and tamper-proof record of transactional data.

Decentralisation

Blockchain is supposed to be a network that is not restrained to one particular authority.

Immutability

It is the ability for a blockchain ledger to remain unalterable and indelible history of communication i.e. once data has been written to a blockchain, it is unalterable.

Miners

Blockchain developers who use their mathematical models, and computational power to mine for blocks.

Ethereum

Ethereum serves as a decentralized platform where applications operate precisely as coded, void of any potential for disruptions, censorship, fraud, or external intervention. This empowers developers to forge markets, establish ledgers for obligations or agreements, transfer funds, and even pioneer novel concepts that are yet to be conceived, all devoid of intermediaries or the jeopardy of counterparties. These applications are crafted using programming languages, akin to conventional software. Within the Ethereum ecosystem, a distinct language known as Solidity has been cultivated.

Crypto-economics

What is cryptoeconomics? Ethereum developer Vlad Zamfir says that cryptoeconomics is:

Cryptoeconomics is a structured field of study that examines the protocols regulating the creation, allocation, and utilization of commodities and services within a decentralized digital economy. This practical discipline revolves around the crafting and analysis of these protocols.”

Cryptoeconomics originates from the fusion of two terms: Cryptography and Economics. Previously, the decentralized peer-to-peer system faced challenges. Torrent platforms have long utilized this approach for file sharing. However, this practice allowed anyone to share files within the decentralized network. When a file was downloaded, it was expected that the person reciprocated by sharing files with the network for others to access. This gave rise to an issue – individuals were reluctant to continuously share files, which needlessly occupied space on their computers. In 2008, a collective effort led by Satoshi Nakamoto introduced a paper that laid the groundwork for Bitcoin. This marked a pivotal point as it offered people a genuine economic incentive to adhere to the established rules.

Crypto-economics characteristics :

Built upon blockchain technology, each block within the chain incorporates the hash of its preceding block, forming an unbroken sequence.
The specific transactional state is subject to alteration as transactions unfold.
Immutability is a prerequisite for appending new blocks to the blockchain, ensuring that past blocks remain unaltered.
The blockchain must be both downloadable and readily accessible globally, enabling verification of individual transactions from any location.

Cryptography

Cryptography, or cryptology in this context, involves the application and exploration of methods to safeguard communication from potential eavesdroppers, commonly referred to as adversaries. Bitcoin, on the other hand, represents a decentralized digital cryptocurrency – a type of electronic currency – enabling direct person-to-person transactions across the peer-to-peer bitcoin network, eliminating the requirement for intermediaries.

Bitcoin

Functioning as a virtual currency, the concept of Bitcoin was realized in 2008 through the manifesto of Satoshi Nakamoto. Distinguished as the pioneer blockchain implementation, it employs cryptographic measures to ensure the security of data within the ledgers. Many contemporary systems and applications derive inspiration from the Bitcoin framework.

Blockchain developers can be divided into two categories.

Core blockchain developer
Blockchain system developer.

The primary role of a core blockchain developer involves the conceptualization of the blockchain system’s structure, crafting intricate protocols, and devising security measures for the network. They bear the responsibility of overseeing the network’s operations comprehensively. In contrast, a blockchain system developer utilizes these established protocols and architecture to create decentralized applications that operate on blockchain technology. This encompasses tasks such as crafting Smart Contracts, designing interactive interfaces for Dapps (decentralized applications), handling backend development specific to blockchain, and ensuring the smooth operation of the entire technology stack supporting their Dapps.

Skills Required

Acombination of skills is expected by the person who aspires to become a blockchain developer. Let’s discuss them one by one.

Blockchain architecture

One must gain a deep understanding of the technology’s structure and become acquainted with concepts such as cryptographic hash functions, consensus mechanisms, and distributed ledger technology. A highly effective approach to achieve this is by studying the Bitcoin blockchain whitepaper.

Data structure

The craftsmanship of architecture is coupled with the applied knowledge of data structure. The developer has to tune the data constantly to meet their personal requirements. A strong data structure added to the cryptography, builds a secure and immutable system.

Contractual development

After the introduction of Ethereum, blockchains assimilate smart contractual functionality into its systems to apply business logics. It generally involves learning languages like Solidity Viper, Chaincode etc.

Web development

The most basic aspect of learning to be a blockchain developer is to get acquainted with the basic designing of decentralized applications.

But even after knowing the main branches of this technology, how to work upon its practicality is a different thing.

To bring this into practice, establish your own account on a cryptocurrency exchange platform. The process is straightforward, and you don’t have to create a comprehensive portfolio right away. You can start by gaining access to a platform like Coinbase and purchasing a few coins using a simple online wallet. This wallet allows you to access your funds from any server or device connected to the internet around the world. However, it’s advisable to store only the minimum amount needed for trading purposes, as your private key is stored on a separate server, which could attract hackers.

Cryptography:-

As previously explained, cryptography serves the purpose of safeguarding communication and preventing third-party intrusion. Blockchain, on the other hand, is established through the combination of data structure and cryptography. Possessing a profound mastery of this practice is crucial. It involves the process of converting original text into encrypted form, rendering the information resistant to manipulation. For blockchain developers, the skill of cryptography is essential in ensuring data protection. This artistry distinguishes blockchain technology from other contemporary innovations. Noteworthy cryptographic techniques include hash functions like SHA256 and KECCAK 256, which serve as prime examples.

Smart contracts and Tools required

For creating Dapps and contracts, one needs to get familiar with the existing Dapps. There are numerous applications developed every moment on Ethereum. The most popular Dapps are

Decentralized Exchanges (DEX) function as platforms where cryptocurrency trading takes place, mitigating the risk of exchange hacking and theft. Among the notable DEX options are Idex, alongside alternatives such as Bancor and the Token Store. Gaming Dapps provide a unique experience where users can acquire characters from creators, akin to traditional non-blockchain games. However, the distinction lies in the economic aspect, enabling players to freely trade characters with others. Cryptokittis stands as a prime illustration of a gaming Dapp. While the realm of Gambling Dapps has been marred by scams, some have garnered unfavorable reputation. For instance, fomo 3D serves as a cautionary example within this category. Ethereum’s marketplace applications are relatively uncommon, and Decentraland’s marketplace offers a splendid instance of such utilization.

Programming Skills

Blockchain also needs coding to work or even to exist as it has to be a transparent ledger holding on to it’s quality of being immutable and that’s what makes this technology credulous.

One of the coding languages extensively utilized in Blockchain development is one that you might be familiar with from your school days – C++. This assertion is substantiated by Bitcoin, where the core framework of bitcoin, known as bitcoin core, is implemented using C++. However, proficient developers must also embrace other programming languages to avoid limiting their skillset. Ethereum, for instance, employs a combination of various languages including C++, Ruby, Python, Java, Go, Rust, JavaScript, and more.

C++

Incorporating data and functions into ‘objects,’ C++ is a language that facilitates efficient resource management and provides enhanced memory control. C++ enables the development of applications capable of not only orchestrating interactions across multiple endpoints but also swiftly handling their exchanges. As an example, Solc, the compiler for the Solidity programming language, is coded in C++.

Java

Java has become one of the top 3 programming languages for blockchain development. Java programming language is useful in creating highly interactive web pages and making simple and immutable blockchains.

Python

The structure and rationale of this programming language for blockchain mirror the creator’s ambitious vision. To communicate with Ethereum clients, a Python version of web3 is employed, capable of generating abstractions (objects) dynamically to embody a smart contract.

Solidity

Solidity, a contract-based and high-level programming language for blockchain, is gaining traction as a newcomer in the field. An online Integrated Development Environment (IDE) called Remix is dedicated to crafting smart contracts using Solidity. Additionally, expertise in languages such as C++ and Java is crucial for blockchain developers to effectively encode and decode transparent data. These languages serve a dual purpose – not only are they instrumental in developing blockchain applications, but they also serve as a foundation for mastering contract-oriented languages like Simplicity or Solidity.

What does the new kid on the block needs to have in store

We now know in what fields the blockchain developer has to be good at. This technology is growing and changing day by day so one has to be enthusiastic and passionate for learning new things.

One’s brain should be well versed in regards to the programming languages that are needed to code the data.
Knowledge for developing Dapps is essential.
Well acquainted in creating smart contracts.

{Smart contract functionality needs to be three things:

Deterministic:- When you get the same output on every time on the single set of inputs.
Terminable:- The contracts are supposed to get terminate at a particular time limit. And there is a problem with the smart contracts that the program can execute its function in a time limit, it’s called “halting problem”.

Isolated:- The technology is open to everyone to create contract that raises the possibility of containing viruses and this may affect the whole system and its management. So it’s important to keep the contract safe and shielded from its negative effects. }

4. What qualities the companies are looking for in a blockchain developer is essential to know already.

5. Understanding of financial services, payment processing, credit services.

With its strong reputation for security and cost-effectiveness, blockchain technology has gained substantial popularity among businesses, even attracting industry giants such as IBM and Microsoft. The remarkable surge in demand for blockchain expertise has propelled it to become the fastest-growing skillset among a pool of 5000 skills in today’s competitive market. Beyond mere coding and encryption, the realm of blockchain entails legal considerations, necessitating the expertise of attorneys well-versed in its intricacies – in essence, Blockchain Attorneys. The implementation of distributed ledger technology has significantly reduced operational expenses, leading to an anticipation of heightened demand for blockchain professionals as companies embark on the journey of transitioning from traditional to innovative technology paradigms.

So what steps you have to focus on is understanding the basics, learn how the technology and it’s aspects works, how languages like c++ and java helps to build your coding skills, to learn building smart contracts and having access to industries that leads you to grow and define yourself as a blockchain developer.

Conclusion

Over the next five years, blockchain development is expected to emerge as one of the foremost domains in the realm of technology advancement. There remains a vast expanse to explore within this field, and substantial implementation is anticipated in the years ahead. For aspiring blockchain developers, this insight holds significant value. Understanding the requisite skills to acquire and the strategic career steps to prioritize becomes crucial information to glean. This burgeoning ecosystem calls for dedicated and enthusiastic minds, and having access to such information can greatly assist you in refining your skills to align with industry demands and position yourself attractively to potential employers.

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Top programming languages to learn in 2019

TestPrepTraining — Wed, 13 Mar 2019 15:10:24 +0000

In the technologically advancing world understanding the fundamentals of programming would become necessary to many professions. In the IT sphere software development is the largest domain of production and programming languages are the foundation of this domain. For the uninitiated, the list of programming languages discussed here are the ideal for learning and developing an interest in the field. Also those with a grasp on a particular language can identify the evolving, interrelated and useful programming language to add to their existing skill set. Mastering some of the most demanded languages listed here can give an immediate boost to your career.

1. JavaScript

JavaScript is the most popular, commonplace and a rather conventional programming language for all programmers. It is an object-oriented language that is deployed in front to end development and in the recent account back to end development as well. JavaScript is being brought to use in the Internet of Things (IoT) technology and game development. Due to its accessible UI, it is ideal for beginners. JavaScript besides the otherwise conventional HTML and CSS is useful in web tool technology. Due to its complaint and accepting syntax JavaScript is used for major websites like Amazon, Microsoft, Facebook, LinkedIn etc.

2. Python

Python has become an essential language for programmers with the advancements in AI, ML, Automation & Analytics. Python is most useful in software development, science and numeric purposes, ERP processes, game development, and data analytics. With the increased prioritization of automation, Python has gained immense demand. The development frameworks Django, Turbo Gear and Pyramid are python based.

3. Java

Java is and object-oriented programming language that deploys automatic memory allocation and garbage collection that makes it in effect easier to understand than C++. The language is compatible to be written on any possible device and in turn platform independent. The language can compile into low-level machine code that makes it flexible to be used on any device, so long as it is executed by JVM which is and acronym for Java Virtual Machine. JVM in itself however is platform dependent. Java is fundamental to the Android Operating system and accounts for various back end applications. The language is most useful for beginners due to its flexibility and business applications in abundance.

4. PHP

Hypertext preprocessors is a general purpose language. It is the most basic of programming languages that are used in creating web pages that are basically written in HTML. The language due to it’s easy to use, easy to set up and free and cheap particularity is most common amongst beginners. PHP has been widely used for web developments best example lies in WordPress CMS (Content Management System) which itself accounts for thousands of websites. Its wide range usage is a factor that insists upon its significance however the websites on PHP downgrade in their performance due to it and take more loading time.

5. Swift

The programming language Swift was developed by Apple Inc. The language is open source, general purpose, compiled and influenced by Ruby and Python. The language was developed with for programming beginners in mind. Unlike Object C the language is faster, more secure and simpler to comprehend. The language has simpler codes, resonance with general English and quick to adapt to. The flexibility of the language makes it an acceptable choice for the existing JavaScript, Python, C or C++ programmers to grasp.

6. C#

C# is an extremely useful language for programmers. It can be used for developing Mac apps, Android and iOS apps, and Linux apps. The language is a gateway to many development platforms. The language due to its flexible and tangible usage is widely popular. However, it is also evolving with technological changes and necessities. C# is overall easy because the code is consistent and checked before it is turned into an application. The language is similar to Java and should this language be your choice for learning it would, in turn, imply that you might as well have grasped Java.

7. Ruby

Ruby was a rather dynamic and open source programming language which was initially developed with the purpose to make programming as a field more engaging, simplified and inclusive for programmers. The language involves fewer rules and dynamically written codes that resemble the English language as well. However, this flexibility makes it slow and it lacks consistency. The Ruby on Rails web framework is the best example of the language.

8. Objective C

This is a programming language that is exclusive to Apple. The language is object-oriented and used in the development of OS X and iOS operating systems an Apple’s application programming interface (APIs). Object C is considered a hybrid C due to the features it primarily incorporates in C.

9. SQL

The Structured Query Language is most efficiently used by companies to operate database.SQL maintains the security of the data. It helps in retrieving, manipulating and storing data in a relational database. It is necessary to learn SQL for the better comprehension of Data Explorations. The language is a must for those in Database Management.

10. R

R language is one of the most valuable languages for Data analysis and machine learning purposes. Due to the extensive framework and built in libraries for machine learning algorithms the language is suited most for GNU/Linux and Microsoft Windows. It is also an open source language. It has uses with regard to computing statistics and general graphics and has increasingly been undertaken by enterprises. The language is particularly of use for those inclined to analytics. The language is cross platform which makes it adept for use on different operating systems.

11. C/C++

The most fundamental of all programming languages. C/C++ are used in the building of all low-level systems like Operating System, System files etc. Due to its pace and stability, the language finds use amongst competitor programmers. C/C++ offers Standard Template Libraries which contains various data structures, arithmetic operations, and algorithms. It is due to these factors that C/C++ is considered by the high-frequency trading community.

12. Go

Go also referred to as Golang is a Google-based programming language and is most commonly used by startups due to their dependence upon distributed systems. It has a syntactical resemblance to C, however, it also involves memory safety, structural typing an garbage collection.

13. Rust

Rust is among new programming languages that is revolutionizing programming as a field. The system level programming language operates as a low-level language that is primarily focused to rework minor memory errors and interruptions like buffer overflow, dangling pointers, and others. Due to this performance critical code of the language, it is popular amongst programmers. However for beginners particularly the language can be rather daunting to grasp at first due to its insistence on picking memory safety by numerous rules.

14. Kotlin

Kotlin is an inter operable with Java and is favoured by most programmers. Its uses coincide with that of Java like server side development, Android Applications etc. Kotlin became the official language for Android and has been in use with the major Java Libraries. Due to its native Android support the language is easier to grasp than Java.

15. TypeScript

TypeScript as a programming language was particularly developed for JavaScript applications. It eventually became essential to the core JavaScript framework. It has also been used by Google in Angular. The language has been in the power back end development, architect cloud solutions, design neural networks,

16. F#

F# programming language incorporates functional, imperative and object oriented programming. The language is capable of generating Java and GPU code. It is open source and cross platform Common Language Infrastructure. Being influenced by C#, Python, Scala and others the language lies in the realm of Machine Learning Languages.

17. Scala

Another general purpose programming language that entails its source code to be compiled to Java which can eventually be executed on Java Virtual Machine (JVM). The language is object oriented and supports functional programming. Due to its Java compatibility the language is suited for Android developments. However Scala in contrast to Java has syntactic flexibility.

18. Groovy

Groovy is an optionally typed, dynamic programming language that entails static typing along with static compilation. The language is particularly aimed for Java platforms for enhancing the productivity of the developer. Due to its easy to learn and rather concise syntax the language is immediate to integrate with any Java programme.

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Top Highest Paying IT Certifications in 2019 – TestPrepTraining

TestPrepTraining — Mon, 04 Mar 2019 12:12:03 +0000

A career in IT is barely restricted to limited outdated skills. Those within the field are constantly in the process of learning and growth. Certifications and additional skill sets have become the norm for employers within the sector. A reputed, quality, professional and technical certification brings recognition before your employer and enhances better income prospects for you. It is also a great start to build networks, professional credibility, job opportunities, and qualifications.

The certifications include topics such as cloud computing, networking, management and many more. Here we enlist the most valuable IT certifications that can be pursued by a candidate.

Google Certified Professional Cloud Architect

This is one of the highest paying certifications that validates professionals as cloud architects for the Google Cloud Platform. It involves the know-how of the Google cloud technologies to design, manage and develop cloud architecture.

The certification advocates for professionals to work and understand the ideal solutions to a particular situation. The specifics with regard to the usage of the product are not the primal focus.

Project Management Professional (PMP)

This PMI developed certification is a must for project managers.

It validates the efficiency of a project manager to strategies and execute her plans and builds credibility amongst clients and employers in terms of knowledge and experience of the project manager.

Eligibility

The certification depends on the performance in the test and the training you have. The qualifying criteria include a minimum of 35 hours PMP training and further for those without a bachelor’s degree at least 7500 hours of experience as project managers are a must. For those with higher education qualifications, the criteria is a minimum of 4500 hours of experience as project managers. The certification can be applied for at the PMI site.

Updating Certification

The maintenance of the once attained certification, you need 60 professional development units in a span of each three years.

AWS Certified Developer Associate

The certification qualifies you for experience and knowledge with the technologies and applications of the Amazon Web Services. The certification examines your expertise on the software development kits (SDKs) of the platform, application security knowledge, and understanding of the AWS services for particular apps.

The certification has excellent salary prospects.

Eligibility

The exam requires you to have a minimum of one year of hands-on experience with AWS and expertise over at least one advanced programming language. The test is a multiple choice paper for 80 minutes.
Read more about AWS Certifications here

Certified in Risk an Information System Control (CRISC)

The four hours long test for the CRISC certification examines a candidate’s skills with regard to reporting, identification, mitigation, assessment, control monitoring, assessment, and response.

The exam includes 150 questions that judge risk management tactics.

Eligibility

It only requires you to have a minimum of three years of relevant experience in any of the two domains out of the four to apply for the certification. The prerequisite experience shall be within the preceding decade to when you undertake the exam. Or else it may lie at most in the five years after the exam. The certification, should it be attained, remains valid up to three years.

Updating Certification

For renewal of the certification, you need to maintain 120 continuing education credits in the three years term. Further, to maintain the validity of the certification, should it be acquired, you must maintain Continuing Professional Education (CPE) credits each year.

Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH)

The Certified Ethical Hacker is an entry-level certification into cybersecurity. It can be valid to any person from security officers, auditors to IT workers. The certification tests a candidate’s ability to identify system vulnerabilities by the means of hacking techniques and determine the threat to a firm’s systems and networks. It is most valuable for penetration testing jobs. The utility of CEHs lies both in premise and cloud platforms. The certification exam extends to the tools, programs, and systems and keeps revising with the development in the hacking methods. It also evaluates the ethics, procedures undertaken and methodology of a candidate.

Certified Information System Security Professional (CISSP)

CISSP validates security expertise and is a crucial certification in the opinion of IT personnel with regard to its demand and functionality certification focuses on eight domains of value. This includes security, risk management, engineering, security asset, software development, communication, network security, security architecture, access management, security operations, testing, and identity.

Eligibility

The certification demands a candidate to have at least five years of professional paid experience in at least two of the eight domains of CISSP. For those lacking the experience, you can apply for the (ISC)2 Associate designation and eventually complete the certification. You would be given a six years term to suffice the necessary experience.

Updating Certification

For maintaining the validity of the certification the candidate must gain CPEs each year.

Certified Information Security Manager (CISM)

The certification centers professionals are responsible for the development and management of a firm’s information security.

Eligibility

The certification necessitates a minimum of five years of experience in Information Systems. Of the five years, it is also necessary that at least three years were spent as the security manager. The required experience must lie within the preceding decade when the exam was undertaken or within the five years after the exam was qualified.

AWS Certified Solution Architect Associate

The AWS Certified Solution Architect Associate level exam is a verification of a candidate’s knowledge in the deployment of AWS systems and their designing. The exam extends to the assessment of the choice of AWS services, knowledge of their designs, date ingress and egress within AWS environments, identification of AWS costs, measures for costs regulation.

Eligibility

For achieving this AWS certification a minimum of six months hands-on experience with AWS is required.
Read more about AWS Certifications here

Citrix Certified Associate Virtualisation (CCA-V)

This certification is an entry-level certification for Citrix and is particular to desktop and application administrators. The certification extends to the primary understanding of monitoring, managing, troubleshooting, and maintaining. An upgrade to the Citrix Certified Professional – Virtualization (CCP- V) is profitable in financial terms.

Eligibility

The prerequisite to the certification is a hands-on experience.

CompTIA Security +

CompTIA Security + is a mid-level certification for cybersecurity. The examination objectives focus on the fundamentals of security, operational, network and physical security, comprehension of encryption, secure software development, access control etc.

Eligibility

It is required of an aspirant of this exam to have a minimum of two years experience in IT related security administration. A CompTIA Network+ + certificate would be preferred.

CompTIA Network+

And entry-level certification centered to networking. It engages with networking help desk technicians, infrastructure installers and junior network technicians. Either ethernet or wireless networks, the test examines the thorough knowledge of networks with regard to the installation, troubleshooting, and maintenance. The LAN/ WAN protocols a specifics of network security are also part of the discourse and the qualification of the certification validates this knowledge.

Since it is an entry-level certification, it will be a prerequisite for various other certifications and positions such as Cisco CCNA.

Eligibility

However, for this certification alone, CompTIA A+ certification is a necessary prerequisite.

Cisco Certified Networking Professional (CCNP) Routing and Switching

A network-oriented advanced certification that involves engagement with professionals from security, video solutions, voice, and wireless. A certification is relevant to administrators and network engineers that validates the capability of these individuals to verify, troubleshoot, plan and carry out networks that encompass wide area for enterprises.

The certification is relevant to all possible industries and its demand never seems to curb.

Eligibility

The CCNP certification necessitates CCNA Routing and Switching certification. It requires clearing individual papers for Routing, Switching, and Troubleshooting.

Certified Scrum Master

The Certified ScrumMaster certification is a project Management certification that accounts for the productive, effective and efficient work by the members of a project. The qualification of this certification validates the knowledge and comprehension of the Scrum framework and its implementation. The certification involves a two-day workshop course to be attended and 24- 35 follow up questions for the exam. A highly profitable certification in terms of the salaries it brings.

Certified Information Systems Auditor (CISA)

This certification is the touchstone certification of ISACA. The certification deals with information system professionals who assess, monitor and regulate a firm’s business related and IT systems. Also, it helps to determine your ability to assess vulnerabilities and report on compliance procedures.

Eligibility

The prerequisite to the certification is five years of hands-on experience in the field. To maintain the certification CPE credits would need to be earned.

Certified in the Governance of Enterprise IT (CGEIT)

The certification is relevant to the ones with advisory, assurance, management roles pertinent to the governance of IT. The domains in focus include strategic management, benefits realization, risk optimization or resource optimization. The certification validates a candidate’s skills with regard to the application of IT governance principles in a professional scenario.

Eligibility

The prerequisite to the certification is a minimum of five years of experience in managing, advisory service, oversight role or the support of IT governance principles in a firm. Experience in more than two domains of CGEIT is required. A year’s experience within an IT governance framework is needed.

Global Information Assurance Certification (GIAC)

GIAC is a security-oriented certification that applies to cyber defense, forensics, incident response, penetration testing, auditing, legal engagement, developer, cyber security management and industrial control systems. The exam includes RealSkillTest questions to assess knowledge and experience.

The upgrade to the GIAC certification would be GSE.

Microsoft Certified Solutions Expert (MCSE) – Server Infrastructure

The certification assesses the knowledge of a candidate in areas of cloud, storage, identity management, networking and systems, and virtualization.

Eligibility

The MCSE certification can only be acquired by those with a previously owned any one of the four MCSA certification availed by Microsoft.

Certified Scrum Developer (CDS) Certification

The certification recognizes candidates with the complete knowledge of the Scrum framework and has expertise and experience with Agile Engineering. Managers of Scrum teams or those switching to Scrum should consider to take this certification.

Eligibility

The candidate would require to have either a certified Scrum MasterTM (A-CSMTM) or Advanced certified Scrum Product OwnerTM (A-CSPOTM) credential

A minimum of 24 months of experience in the job as a Scrum Master would be required.

AWS SysOps Administrator – Associate Certification

The certification is aimed at the knowledge of the AWS cloud platform and how you can manage, deploy and run scalable systems on it. The certification is suitable for system administrators.

The certification is in demand in the tech and telecommunication industries for hiring.

It would assess the knowledge and capability of the candidate to find solutions an run them on AWS platform, basics of the AWS technical essentials, deploy AWS operations and guidance.

Eligibility

Require hands on experience with the AWS cloud technologies.
Read more about AWS Certifications here

Control Objectives for Information and Related Technologies (COBIT 5)

The certification recognises a candidate’s knowledge of the framework of COBIT 5 for the control and management of Enterprise IT environment.

The certification can be undertaken by professionals in audit, information security, risk management, insurance, compliance and regulatory.

The certification assesses a candidate’s ability to discern frameworks that are effective in the regulation and handling of IT enterprise, knowledge of COBIT and its benefits, practical solutions and how it is executed, awareness of the principles of the certification for improved governance and management of enterprises.

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GRE Test | All the Information on Graduate Record Examination

TestPrepTraining — Sat, 02 Mar 2019 18:23:11 +0000

Belief in one’s knowledge and the thirst of perceiving higher qualifications from a renowned University is quenched when one gets aware of the GRE test and the opportunities it provides.

GRE, that is , Graduate Record Examination, is a computer or paper based standardised test to apply for masters and doctoral degree programs in various universities in the United States. It is administered by the Educational Testing Service (ETS) and through verbal reasoning, quantitative reasoning, critical thinking and analytical writing skills, GRE sets a common eligibility criteria for the applicants of different educational and cultural background to applying for an advanced degree.
Apart from this general test of GRE, there is also a GRE subject test that evaluates candidate’s ability over particular subject and is required for getting admission in specialised courses, for instance, Mathematics, Literature , Physics, Psychology, Biology, Chemistry, and Biochemistry.

The GRE test is basically formed of three measures:

A. Analytical writing skills, that is, is to deal and support with any argument accompanying evidence and discussion over certain ideas which requires a focused analysis of the given task.

B.Verbal reasoning skills, it reflects how one understands the content, captures the written material and compose the information from it. It requires the grasp of meaning and the analogy of words and concepts.

C. Quantitative reasoning skill is the practice of dealing with mathematical concepts of algebra, geometry, arithmetic, data analysis. It measures the ability to analyse the problem and solving it through mathematical models.

The test is been taken in two ways
1. The COMPUTER-delivered:-
The criteria consists of six sections and the first section, always, is analytical writing task following by five sections coinciding two verbal reasoning sections,two quantitative reasoning sections and an experimental section. The examined person is given about 3 hours and 45 minutes for the entire testing procedure including a 1 minute break after each section and a 10 minutes break after the third section. The applicant is allowed to deal with the questions in any pattern within each section and can mark the question to review.

2. The PAPER-delivered:-
The format of paper based test is mostly similar to the computer based test except that it doesn’t include any experimental section.

PREPARATION for the GRE test-
ETS provides the resources for the preparation of GRE test through a preparation software, Power prep, that contains two practice tests of remote questions that gives an insight over the structure and scores of the actual GRE test . In addition, it supplies the review material as well for further practice. ETS is the only source of their retired material, denying any allowance to other companies.
University textbooks, GRE preparation books and online resources are much available if not interested in the online practice courses.

SCORES :-
• An analytical writing score reported on a 0-6 score scale, in half point increments.
•A verbal reasoning score reported on a 130 to 170 score scale, in 1-point increments.
•Scores:- A quantitative reasoning score reported on a 130 to 170 score scale, in 1-point increments.

Many factors affect the graduate school application and GRE score is just one aspect of the calculation of one’s profile. The undergraduate GPA, letters of recommendation (LoR), research, and personal essays will all contribute to the student’s acceptance into the desired universities.

Validity and Attempts to rise-
Despair is a natural tendency over the first failed attempt and after months of labour and investing such load of expenses over it is dejection. But the spark of hope rises when one gets to know of the flexibility of attempts GRE allows . Technically there is no limitation for applying for the test but a gap of 21 days between consecutive tests is must with maximum of 5 attempts in a year.
And once the score report is in favour of the students, it’s validity consoles one’s heart for 5 years from the day score reports are published.

Talking about expenses, one needs to know that it’s not only GRE test fees but other expenditures as well that matters a lot and depends on student to student.
It costs $195 for the registration of GRE. And this registration fee, initially varied for different countries but now is fixed for every student across the world by ETS. And it is just the initial stage of spending, for after getting the score record of the test, one has to apply for their desired universities. ETS allows to send the score record to four universities for free and if the student decides to apply for more, it costs them 27 bucks per University. With this scale of expense, student need to shortlist the universities with great care.

Why GRE is a big deal?
After completing the graduation course, students plan to acquire a prestigious foreign degree through GRE .And an impressive GRE score, brightens the student’s profile with the exposure to international institutions. It reflects student’s analytical and reasoning skills related to the subject.

•A good GRE score paves the way of getting scholarships that makes the admission easier. Some universities mark GRE not for admission but for the selection of scholarship and fellowship candidates.

•A good GRE score helps to lift up the profile if the student has a week undergraduate GPA or little work experience.

• Different sections of GRE are taken into consideration for different programs. If the application of for maths or statistics program, the score of Quantitative section are more effective than Verbal section. Similarly ,verbal and analytical section are considered more importantly when applied to English graduate program.

So prepare yourself for this opportunity and give yourself some extra stars. *For further and detailed information regarding the GRE test, it’s official website https://www.ets.org/gre would be a great help.

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Cybersecurity Career Path | How to Start a Career in Cyber Security

TestPrepTraining — Sat, 02 Mar 2019 14:07:12 +0000

Cyber Security has rapidly emerged as a pivotal and highly valued domain across various industries. The demand for adept professionals armed with experience, skills, and profound expertise has reached unprecedented heights. The surge in past cyberattacks targeting institutions, businesses, individuals, and governments has exacerbated the existing threat landscape. Cybersecurity experts not only devise preventive measures against potential attacks but also possess the capability to counter and strategically respond to such threats, thereby minimizing potential damages.

Nevertheless, in many countries, the existing educational curriculum lacks dedicated cybersecurity courses for training and education. As a result, aspiring individuals often remain oblivious to the pertinent platforms and certifications available to propel their journey in this field. Here, we outline a clear path that outlines the sequential steps aspiring individuals can take to venture into the realm of cybersecurity. This pathway serves as a comprehensive guide for students looking to embark on a successful career in the cybersecurity domain.

Bachelor’s Degree in Security

Commencing your journey along the cybersecurity career trajectory is best initiated through the study of Computer Sciences and STEM subjects during your school and college years. Opting for a bachelor’s degree in Cyber Security would be an optimal choice to pursue. This program equips students with hands-on practical experience, encompassing areas such as statistics, forensics, and ethical programming. The comprehensive curriculum ensures a robust foundation for aspiring cybersecurity professionals. Here are a few pertinent degrees that can be pursued:

Computer Science
IT
Forensic Computing
Mathematics, Physics or any other STEM degree
Network Engineering
Networks and Security.

These courses could also be pursued at the post-graduation level to account for eligibility in the field.

A Master’s degree in cybersecurity specifically trains students in cryptography, digital forensics, and biometrics.

Associate degree in Cybersecurity

An associate degree in cybersecurity serves as an introductory credential that offers valuable supplementary qualifications for individuals already engaged in the field. This degree path provides a gateway to positions such as computer support technicians, making it an accessible route for entering the industry. The curriculum encompasses essential proficiencies like intrusion detection, network technologies, hardware and software systems, along with vital conceptual understanding.

IT background for entry

It is advisable to initiate a career in this domain by securing a position within the IT sector. Embarking on a cybersecurity career path with initial years of experience in Information Technology can also prove advantageous. Currently, the prevalent trend involves moving from a broad IT background into the realm of security. Engaging in training, obtaining certifications, and undertaking IT internships is highly recommended. Certain entry-level IT roles provide a solid foundation for transitioning into the field of security, facilitating a smoother shift.

Transitioning into the role of a system administrator can prove advantageous for individuals aiming to advance to the mid-level positions of security engineer or analyst. Progressing from there, they can further evolve into the role of security architects. This progression also holds true for those entering positions such as Security Administrator or Network Administrator.
For system administrators, security administrators, and security engineers, pursuing relevant certifications in specialized ethical hacking can be a valuable avenue. Certifications rooted in an IT background can lead to opportunities as penetration testers or ethical hackers.
Programmers or analysts should aim for promotions as security analysts, auditors, engineers, or consultants.
Starting from any general IT role, one can gradually ascend to the positions of security analyst, administrator, auditor, and security engineer. From any of these roles, the path is open to eventually becoming a security consultant.
Web developers have the potential to specialize further, branching into web security and assuming roles as security software developers.

Certifications

There are certain entry-level certifications that can be achieved for additional skills in cybersecurity to transition or start in the field.

Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH)

One of the highly sought-after security certifications is the CEH, which constitutes the initial segment of the EC-Council Information Security Track comprising various hacking technologies. It is well-suited for individuals with limited to no experience who aspire to embark on a career in Cybersecurity. Additionally, it is a fitting choice for those possessing some background in the IT field.

Free Mock Test on Certified Ethical Hacker

Computer Hacking Forensic Investigator (CHFI)

Involves the detection of the attack, auditing into the cause and extraction of evidence from the attack.

SSCP – System Security Certified Practitioner

This is an entry-level certification that can be of use to those with minimal experience in the IT field.

Free Mock Test on SSCP Certification exam is available here

Certified Information System Security Professional (CISSP)

The Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP) Certification Exam provides an elevated understanding of Access Control Systems, Cryptography, and Security Management Practices. This examination is typically pursued by network security professionals and system administrators who possess a minimum of four years’ experience in two or more of the ten test domains.

Free Mock Test on CISSP Certification exam is available here

CompTIA Security +

The certification encompasses essential knowledge regarding risk management and network security. It validates expertise in tasks such as installing and configuring systems to safeguard applications, networks, and devices, conducting threat analysis, and implementing suitable mitigation strategies, as well as actively engaging in risk mitigation endeavors.

Free Mock Test on CompTIA Security+ Certification exam is available here

Certified Information System Auditor (CISA)

CISA – Certified Information System Auditor: This certification revolves around overseeing, auditing, evaluating, monitoring, and governing information systems. It involves training in the areas of auditing, monitoring, assessing information systems, and implementing controls.

Free Mock Test on CISA

Global Information Assurance Certification ( GIAC)

Certification holds significance in the fields of forensics and investigation. Achieving this certification may also facilitate the attainment of security clearances. These clearances are especially valuable for individuals whose responsibilities entail interaction with classified information. Governments’ defense agencies provide personnel and facility security clearances.

Security Specialty & subdomains

Within this vast field, there exist interconnected subdomains and roles that can be pursued upon mastering a specific area of expertise. Networking, Software Development, System Engineering, Financial and Risk Analysis, and Security Intelligence constitute the foundational positions for embarking on a career in the broader domain of security. Progressing from these foundational roles, one can advance to become a Cybersecurity specialist, technician, cybercrime analyst and investigator, Incident Analyst, Incident Responder, or IT auditor. These roles are intricately linked by the skills they encompass and the practical responsibilities they entail. When crafting your cybersecurity career trajectory, the initial choice of a primary position becomes pivotal, as it determines the subsequent domains that can be explored at an advanced level.

Hands-on Experience

Gaining practical experience in the field assists individuals in pinpointing their areas of interest and specialization. This hands-on involvement also provides insights into the intricacies of a particular role. For instance, it allows individuals to discern whether they are inclined towards security device deployment or are more drawn to the task of network and application penetration testing, which involves breaching networks and applications.

There are various online projects that can be accessed for learning and practicing.

Skills to develop

Programming Abilities: Proficiency in certain programming languages is valuable for designing effective security programs. These skills are also instrumental in analyzing security breaches and threats.
Security Principles: Maintaining a sense of confidentiality, control, privacy, and authentication in every action is crucial to prevent security lapses, vulnerabilities, and breaches.
Understanding Malicious Codes: A comprehensive understanding of the development and propagation of malicious codes is essential.
Intrusion Knowledge: It’s important to study intrusion techniques, including emerging ones, and their potential effects to effectively address and prevent intrusions.
Risk Analysis and Management: Security professionals should have the ability to assess risks specific to clients, such as confidential transactions, public interactions, and potential threats. This enables effective risk assessment and management in the event of an attack.
Network Protocol Familiarity: Security personnel should possess knowledge about the uses, distinctions, and functions of various network protocols.
Effective Communication and Discretion: Security professionals must possess strong communication skills to convey ideas and plans clearly to both technical and non-technical experts. Additionally, they should exercise discretion while being aware of a firm’s vulnerabilities and building trust.

The substantial demand for cybersecurity positions coupled with a limited workforce has led to significantly elevated salaries for security professionals. This presents an opportune moment for individuals within the IT realm to transition into cybersecurity roles. Students currently pursuing education at the school or college level can proactively opt for a cybersecurity career path, thereby initiating their journey towards a rewarding and financially promising profession.

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Technology of Future – Top Tech Trends 2019 That Will Change the World

TestPrepTraining — Sun, 24 Feb 2019 20:29:08 +0000

Recently, the IEEE Computer Society released its predictions on Top 10 Technology Trends of 2019, and It is evident that these technological changes would channelize various business models in the coming times. Following the disruptive technological innovation that occurred in 2018, it is certain that there would be a great number of technological advancements that would change the world in coming years. These technologies of future will greatly change everything & every industry. Considering this it would be of use for individuals & organizations to become acquainted with the upcoming trends.
With the advent of self driving cars, 5g Networking, Voice assistants, block-chain technology & many more innovations, it is certain that the world is going through a paradigm shift.

“In 2019 we expect to see ever-increasing adoption of deep learning accelerators in the areas of transportation, advanced security, and technologies for humanity. Fueled by advanced materials, adoption of virtual reality and the Internet of Bodies will stretch the future to new unknowns. We are excited about our predictions and the bets we have made for 2019’s technology trends.”
Dejan Milojicic, former President of the computer society

Lets look at these technologies which are already here & are only going to become more advanced & intelligent, and will shape our future

Autonomous Things

Autonomous things are transforming our approach to cars, agriculture, healthcare etc. into something innovative and efficient. Autonomous things depend on artificial intelligence to approach their environments in a human oriented manner. So far autonomous things have been recognised in Robotics, Drones, Appliances, Agents an Vehicles. Autonomous things are increasingly being adopted, however under the provision that their use be limited to a singular purpose. Also, it has been determined that with AI, Japan and America are leading Robotics into the mainstream.
The release by IEEE also emphasized upon the emergence of autonomous things with particularly talking about transportation. According to the release automated assistance in terms of transportation is being channelized in vehicles be it personal or municipal. This however again requires the use of deep learning accelerators. This technology is recognized and being increasingly incorporated so much so that a sense of fully autonomous vehicles can be comprehended and foreseen in the future.

Deep Learning Accelerators (GPUs, FPGAs, TPUs)

Artificial Intelligence applications such as Machine vision, neural networks etc. use hardware acceleration which is designed from a class of microprocessors. It has been suggested that for the purpose of machine vision and learning in IoT devices the use of deep learning accelerators would become important. It has been announced by companies that they would design their own accelerators that are of use in data centers.
Tensor Processing Unit (TPU) is an AI accelerator application that is exclusive to neural network machine learning. Google developed TPUs with regard to applications that include algorithms for data-intensive tasks, robotics, Internet of things etc. It is still a developing technology with many more designs, in memory computing and low precision arithmetic.
Another deep learning accelerator, the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGAs) are monolithic integrated circuits. These are understood as field programmable because they are to be configured after their manufacture by a customer or designer. The electronic design automation tools in the present have replaced the former circuit diagrams that were used to specify its configuration. Further, these accelerators could also be deployed at the edge.

Technological Innovations in Healthcare

There is already an increased adoption of the internet of things (IoT) and other self monitoring devices amongst users with the use of tracking devices and smart glasses.

“Digital pills are entering mainstream medicine, and body-attached, implantable, and embedded IoB devices are also beginning to interact with sensors in the environment.”
IEEE Report

As much as the high data yield of these devices is acknowledged, the report also addressed the concern with the security, physical harm, privacy and abuse that can be incurred by these devices.
The knowledge engineering of healthcare is anticipated. Google, Apple and Amazon already took an initiative in 2018 to participate in this change. Tencent, a Chinese enterprise has turned to healthcare products and would engage with biotechnology. Meanwhile Apple is innovating for future technology by recruiting doctors and has also come up with an Apple Watch which would be of relevance to the field. Medical devices, deep learning, Pharma and smart homes are the forms of engagement with which Google and Amazon are progressing in the field.

Social Credit System

Social Credit Algorithms are useful in retrieving data from social platforms by the use of biometrics of advanced level such as facial recognition. It is basically used in cases of granting access and services to consumers of certain products and services. It is also being manipulated for a mass surveillance that monitors the material and ideological concerns of citizens. It is reported that these algorithms are in use by some states to determine loyalty.
For instance with the use of AI China has developed a surveillance algorithm that scores its citizens an these scores become determinants of the financial, social, cultural, legal situation of a citizen.
The use of Social Credit Algorithms for such regulatory and business models would become applicable in most western countries as well. This would cause a drastic change in the way administration governs in the present.

Human AI Interaction

In 2019 Artificial Intelligence would advance to the extent that it would be incorporated into the business model of almost all industries. AI in itself is advancing to coincide with design and become user centred in this regard be it interface (UI) or experience (UX). However, 2019 also expects to observe human engagement to AI. One good instance of this is Voice-UI & ‘Chatbots’. These are artificial intelligence-driven programmes that link the possibility of a conversational interaction between humans and machines. They have been in use in the industry for customer service and as assistants in operating systems. Due to the utility and convenience of Voice-UI, it would become functional in various more industries & would be a crucial part of User-Interface & User-Experience.

I think 2019 will be the year that companies focus on getting datasets consistent and teaching humans to collaborate with AI without giving it too much power
Mohit Bhende, Karat

Smart Material & Devices

Smart materials respond to changes in environment by a change in their characteristics. Some smart materials would include shape memory alloys, ferrofluid, thermochromic materials, electrochromic materials etc. Smart Devices are autonomous/ interactive devices that can be connected to other devices.

The future technology teases disruptive advancement in devices for sensors, wireless communication etc. like smart paper, the tunable glass will lead to innovative applications and advancement in healthcare, appliances, packaging and more. It was also addressed that these technologies would lead to extensive advancement to the degree that it would cause a drastic difference in the way IoT is received in the present. For instance security systems of homes, doorbells, cameras, thermostats would become autonomous and interactive in their usage. It would increase efficiency, dependence, knowledge and upgrade lifestyles in the future.

Digital Ethics & Privacy

Digital Ethics is an important topic in this times of privacy issues. Aware consumers display concern regarding their content and personal information that is accessible to enterprises be it public or private. There is lack of transparency and accountability on part of the companies which in turn has mitigated consumer trust.
This form of unreliability threatens firms and thus it must be ensured that the companies are proactive in building consumer trust. Government regulations that address such concerns also becomes essential in sensitizing firms towards consumers information.

“First General Data Protection Regulation fines coming this year is just the start”
Giovanni Buttarelli, Europian Union’s Data protection supervisor

Enhanced Cyber Security

Cyber Security is a crucial pillar in the future of technology. Importance is being laid on the predictiveness of potential attacks and increasingly firms are manipulating technology to secure data, information, hardware from the threat. Considering the versatility of attackers in the present it has been established that the rather conventional mechanisms of prevention like anti-viruses have become ineffective and outdated. Since such has been the case, a new form of mechanism for prevention that is responsive is evolving. For instance, hooks that can be activated at the detection of an attack. Also, the machine learning mechanism is becoming effective in such cases.

Read our article on “How To Prevent Your Organizations From Cyber Crime”

Virtual Reality & Augmented Reality

Immersive technologies have been emerging in the mainstream for a while now specifically in gaming. AR clarifies real world perception into the digital by immersing experience, sensations and view. VR technology likewise uses props and physical environments to develop better conceptualisation of reality. AR and VR will increase skill learning and make the process easier. They will duplicate foreign environments. For instance the possibility of space exploration through mapping would be achieved.
Also in the coming time, these technologies of future would be of essential use in other fields like training, education, engineering etc. However, the high-cost strains entry. This leads to a lack of applications which subsequently is the source of high costs.

Technology for Humanity

With high adoption in regard to IoTs and edge computing, machine learning will become useful in every industry like agriculture, health sector, education and more. Machine learning would become an answer to most prevailing social problems. For instance it has been predicted how greater adoption of sensors has become a rather immediate need considering accidents and fire that occur in roads and forests. Such issues could be addressed with the incorporation of Machine Learning. This future tech will surely is a boon for humanity for solving many issues

Digital Twins

You must have seen this type of future technology in movies or tv. Digital Twins are digital representations that depict real life attributes and traits depending upon the purpose of their use. They are basically useful to optimize performance by their tendency to predict and comprehend. Digital twins have statistically been adopted by 48% companies already. It has also been anticipated that Digital twins are going to be of use in the healthcare sector.

Quantum Computing

Quantum Computing uses quantum bits or qubits that can be in superposition or entanglement phenomena for the purpose of computing. It differs from the traditional digital computing.
The future of technology would rely heavily on computation power. Quantum Computing is highly scalable makes it useful for solving complex problems that are otherwise time consuming for conventional computing. Increasingly industries like military, pharmaceuticals, research, insurance and many more are expected to adopt Quantum Computing. The technology is in its initiate stage and the technology would be explorative for most firms for the next couple of years except for a certain few.

Augmented Analytics

Due to the proliferation in data, it is plausible for Data Scientists to overlook certain possibilities of analysis. Augmentation of data analysis redeems a firm from missing out valuable hypotheses of use. Machine learning platforms and data science form the essential approach for businesses to develop analytic insight.

“By 2020, more than 40% of data science tasks will be automated, resulting in increased productivity and broader use by citizen data scientists.”
Gartner

5G Networking

Mobile devices are expected to enable 5G in the coming year with around 20 gigabits per second connection speed for users. Which in turn means it will be far more faster, versatile an stable than the existing 4G. 5G will be capable of prioritizing various data streaming and a manage plethora of IoT devices. The technologies of future like Augmented Reality, Autonomous Driving an Immersive Gaming are areas that would boost with the emergence of 5G.

Edge Computing

Edge computing deals with localising traffic to reduce latency and network bandwidth. This is achieved by bringing the source of information closer to the processing, storage and delivery of information. Problems of High WAN costs could be tackled by it. End point devices like smartphones, automobile power generator or screens will have artificial intelligence being processed on edge. With the emergence of technologies like specialised AI chips, 5G, data stream harvesting, edge computing will enhance and become relevant to a series of applications in the coming time.

Blockchain

Blockchain is a digital ledger that concerns with financial transactions and maintains the records of users in a particular network digitally. Blockchains push aside the role of banks in the transactional process of a firm. It is understood to reduce costs, time invested in settling transactions and increase cash flow. Blockchains are expanding to healthcare, manufacturing, government etc. In the coming time Governments would probably be building their own cryptocurrencies. The same is anticipated of companies to develop within their applications and customer interactive spaces. A digital value and worth would become a factor to a company’s value.

“Pure blockchain models are immature and can be difficult to scale… However, businesses should begin evaluating the technology, as blockchain will create $3.1T in business value by 2030.”
Gartner

Serverless Computing

Serverless computing is dependent upon the increase of granularity. Instead of an access to a certain cloud ( AWS, Azure, Google) a user actually attains access to a micro functionality and thereby creates service locally. The increase of granularity leads to greater efficiency and thereby moves the intelligence and functions from the core to the edge (in lieu of the current trend). It has been noted that despite the appeal from the sides of both the providers and users for serverless computing, the technology would gain broad adoption in the coming two years.

Real Time Ray Tracing

Ray tracing has been there for a while except the rendering could never be done in real time until recently. The possibility of RT2 will create the difference between merely perceiving reality and creating a reality virtually. Within the coming two years true RT2 is anticipated, owing to the iterations for a faithful rendering of graphics. Training, simulation, and gaming stand as it’s major industries. With VR and AR, it is only natural that RT2 will gain adoption in time.

Let us know in the comments about your views on the future of technology & it’s impact, and what else could we see in upcoming future.

The post Technology of Future – Top Tech Trends 2019 That Will Change the World appeared first on Blog.

Why it’s the Right time to Build a Career in Cyber Security

TestPrepTraining — Tue, 12 Feb 2019 10:02:22 +0000

Introduction

Over the last few years what has become rather acute to the digitized platform is the series of cyber attacks on companies and individuals. These security breaches have cost great financial loss, jobs, and data on a large scale. Facebook admitted that the data of over 87 million users was compromised. Further British Airways faced the data breach that amounted to 3.8 lakh transactions. In August an international group accessed passwords, personal information, billing amounts of over 2 million consumers of T- mobile.

It is not only the magnitude of the attacks that make them so unnerving but also the frequency with which they occur. In 2017 alone over 918 attacks occurred. It has also been determined by the National Cyber Security center that there is a strong threat to National infrastructures in the coming time. The shortage of workforce in cybersecurity to counter such attacks increases the vulnerability of firms. Small enterprises are in greater threat than the larger firms due to their insufficient resources to counter breaches. Further with GDPR in place, the small businesses can easily be bankrupt with the fines and losses. Such has been the case that over sixty percent of small scale businesses had to shut down in 2017 after the series of cyber attacks.

Security Breaches & the Cyber Attacks

Biggest Cyber Attacks of 21st Century

In 2017 two major ransomware attacks caused a global upheaval. These were the WannaCry and NotPetya attacks. The WannaCry ransomewareattack that occurred in May 2017 targeted 300,000 systems in 150 countries. The exploit targeted the systems without the latest patch of Microsoft windows. Their data was encrypted and ransom payment was demanded in Bitcoin Cryptocurrency. The National Health Service in England and Scotland marked as the major institutional victims of the attack. The NotPetya attack used a variant of Petya, an encrypting ransomeware that was first discovered in March 2016. The manipulated version used the same EternalBlue exploit to target systems that was used in the Wanna Cry attack. This attack affected UK, US, Russia and majorly Ukraine so much so that over 80 companies in the country were victims which also included the National Bank of Ukraine.

Cybercrime is becoming a prominent and established business of its own and the necessity for cybersecurity has only increased. All possible industries from finance, defense, legal, political, media, and others are digitized and thereby in immediate need of cyber security.

Hackers are no more an elite group in the milieu. Anyone with sufficient knowledge can exploit systems and target companies.

Shortage of Cybersecurity Experts

Despite this alarming sense of the threat that exists, most companies lack an emergent response team to tackle potential attacks. It was determined by (ISC)2, the largest nonprofit organization that trains and certifies cybersecurity professionals, that staffs and IT professionals of most companies were devoid of the necessary training and knowledge in the field to account for the cyber security requirement (now a mandate by GDPR).
Reference Read – (ISC)2 report here

information source : www.isc2.org

The budget that goes in for cyber security is minimal against other IT projects. There is no absolute assurance against cyber attack and breaches and this lack of guarantee discourages firms to invest in security. It is an understandable attitude because the hackers are constantly finding various ways to exploit systems. It has also been regarded that the data crimes conducted by insiders with complete accessibility are far more damaging than any external attack. This form of threat is unforeseen and there is no concrete sense in which it could be regulated. If one is to consider these factors cybersecurity may seem a wasteful investment because attacks cannot be stopped. What most firms fail to realize is that the fight against data breach is not one that aims at prevention of any possible attack alone but one that is quick to respond and mitigate the potential loss that can be incurred if nothing is done in the first place. According to a Ponemon Institute research, it takes 191 days in average for a firm to detect a breach let alone counter the attack. Such a long duration of negligence causes the breach of personal, financial and transactional data, risking customer base and a company’s reputation.
It was also discovered by ( ISC)² that globally there was a gap of 3 million jobs in the field.

What most firms fail to realize is that the fight against data breach is not one that aims at prevention of any possible attack alone but one that is quick to respond and mitigate the potential loss that can be incurred if nothing is done in the first place

Job Opportunities in Cyber Security

Due to the high demand and insufficient workforce, a Cyber Security Careerwill pay a great amount.

Chief Information Security Officer
This is a superior level job with leading all security initiatives & carrying the responsibility of overall security of the organization. The role requires strategizing & deploying information security technologies, auditing system, anticipating threats, surveilling & monitoring organization’s security, developing strategies to handle security breaches & attacks. Additionally it may also involve non-technical managerial responsibilities. The salary range for Chief Information Security Officer is $103,000 – $254,000.
Cryptographer & Cryptoanalyst
The responsibilities of a cryptographer are developing algorithms, ciphers & system to encrypt & secure information. A cryptoanalyst performs analysis & decryption of hidden/encrypted information. It is a cryptographer’s & cryptoanalyst’s responsibility to make sure that sensitive information is hidden & secured from any threat & breach. One can begin with a junior cryptoanalyst role & the starting salary for a junior cryptoanalyst can be between $40,000 to $60,000. The salary range of a cryptographer can be between $100,000 – $200,000.
Chief Security Engineer
The job would involve developing ways to build & maintain security solutions & software for the organization along with solving existing production issues for security A security engineer is also responsible for installing firewalls & intrusions detection systems, assessing risks, detecting vulnerabilities and managing a team of security experts. S/he would leverage automation, machine learning & AI to develop robust & reliable security systems. The salary ranges from $66,000 – $132,769
Information Security Analyst
The job require of the analyst to develop plans and strategies that can be implemented for securing the firm from potential attacks. They have to secure information, maintain & protect data, conduct security audits, analyze security breaches & the root causes & vulnerability, and train other employees, monitor data access and create policies that shall be effective in preventing attacks. The salary of a security analyst ranges from $42,391 – $101,091.
Cyber Security Manager
A Security Manager’s job is to manage an organization’s security in every way, from developing plans for security solutions to implementing them, and providing training to the workforce. S/he would devise, execute & maintain security policies & procedures, lead the audits, investigations & procedures, and manage a team of security analysts, administrators & other IT professionals along with administering costs, budgets, & integration tasks. The salary of a security manager ranges from $74,283 – $154,794.
Cyber Security Consultant
The security consultant manage and negotiate all aspects of security including implementation of the database protection, talking to the team and heads to determine security issues, research and design robust security architectures by providing technical supervision. The salary of a security consultant can range from $50,636 – $149,000.
Penetration Tester / Ethical Hacker
Penetration Testing also called as Ethical Hacking requires regular probing and exploiting security vulnerabilities in applications, networks & systems . They identify flaws, vulnerabilities, loop holes & weak practices which could expose to security breaches & lead to cyber attacks. The salary of a security consultant can range from $49,205 – $133,135.
Network Security Engineer
A Network security engineer performs risk assessments for network security & is responsible for deploying, configuring, & administering different pieces of network, and security hardware & software. The tasks include installation of firewalls, routers, switches, network monitoring tools, and VPNs (virtual private networks). engineers also regularly. The salary ranges from $56,000 – $177,000.
Cyber Security Architect
A Cyber Security Architect oversees the designing, building and implementation of network & computer security for a company. S/he is responsible for making complex security architectures & infrastructures. The salary range for a security architecture is $84,295 – $168,334.
Information Security crime Investigator/ Forensic Expert
Forensic experts are responsible for investigating the cause of an attack. They further look into the hints and clues that an attacker would have left. This clarifies the causes and flaws that led to an attack. They also perform data recovery & examination tasks, draft technical reports, & compiler legal evidence for cases. The salary ranges for Digital Forensics Expert is $57,749 – $126,277.
Security Software Developer
A security software developer is responsible for developing security software & integrating security applications. S/he also develops the tools for detecting virus, spyware, malware, or any kind of intrusion & breach. The salary for a security software developer ranges from $46,886 – $106,932.
Security Administrator
A security administrator is basically responsible fto instal, administer and troubleshoot security solutions. He performs tasks like providing protection against unauthorized access, performing vulnerability assessments, scanning networks & monitoring it for any unusual activity. The salary range for a security administer is $42,806 – $95,771.

This list of job titles may vary and the roles & responsibilities may intersect, as a lot of security experts start from general IT & software-related jobs. Further, we’ll be discussing the career paths in cybersecurity & how you can get started or transition into a cybersecurity career. We’ll also look at various certifications & training available.

How to Build A Cyber Security Career

Companies Need Cyber Security Experts

If you have an inclination for hacking and security then it is not necessary that you retain concrete formal qualification to get the job. Experience and strategic know how become skills of practical worth in the field. However, it would be of use for any aspiring learner to have a degree in Computer sciences or STEM degree.
The following would be relevant degrees to pursue in graduation if you intend to pursue cyber security in the future.

Computer Science
IT
Forensic Computing
Mathematics, Physics or any other STEM degree
Network Engineering
Networks and Security.

These courses could also be pursued in the post graduation level to account for eligibility in the field.

Transition to Security

If you are to transition from an IT field to a Cyber Security Career, then you must consider your field of interest and skills. Cyber Security Certifications are a great way to make a transition into the field. Your choice of certification would depend upon your current skill set, role, experience & your goal in cyber security career. It would be important since certifications can be functional in upgrading your skill set and job position.

Cyber Security is an overarching term that encapsulates various specialties and relevant certifications that validate those specialties. Also the jobs that come under cyber security can be highly interrelated. The job position in networking, software development, system engineering, financial and risk analysis, and security intelligence can be considered as beginning positions to enter into a specialty in security.

The job position in networking, software development, system engineering, financial and risk analysis, and security intelligence can be considered as beginning positions to enter into a specialty in security.

Thus, you must know which specialty would suit you. For instance, if you are more detail oriented, analytical, strategic then the job of the security analyst or Auditor would suit you more than that of the security engineer. Also you must know the interrelated jobs amongst the various security jobs. For instance, the security architects have the grasp of the work of the security engineers.

Learning and Training

As a learner in the field you must look into relevant online courses that concern with the fundamentals of networking and security. Likewise, books on crypto,TCP/IP, Linux, UDP, routing etc. would be a good start for knowledge and self study.

The field of cyber security undergoes rapid changes and innovations all the time. Thus certifications become handy in validating one’s familiarity with the emerging changes. They are also useful if one intends to get promoted.
There is not much that would be required of anyone entering into the field except some IT knowledge and cybersecurity certifications. Experience in the field, however, is highly valued.

Cyber Security Certifications

Various Cyber Security Certifications are offered by many well known organizations which are recognized & valued globally. Let’s take a look at these organizations & the useful cybersecurity certifications

ISC2 – The International Information System Security Certification Consortium

Regarded as world’s largest IT security organization, it offers following security certifications

SSCP – System Security Certified Practitioner
This is an entry-level certification that can be of use to those with minimal experience.
Free Mock Test on SSCP Certification exam is available here
CCSP – Certified Cloud Security Professional Certification
Certified Cloud Security Professional (CCSP) Certification Exam imparts advanced technical skills and knowledge to design, manage and secure data, applications and infrastructure in the cloud.
Free Mock Test on CCSP Certification exam is available here
CISSP – Certified Information Systems Security Professional
Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP) Certification Exam imparts advanced knowledge in Access Control Systems, Cryptography, and Security Management Practices. Candidates who take this exam are typically network security professionals & system administrators having an experience of at least 4 years in two or more of the ten test domains.

How to Become a CISSP Professional Download

CompTIA: Information Technology (IT) Industry & Association

CompTIA Security+
Validates skills in installing & configuring systems to secure applications, networks, and devices; performing threat analysis and responding with appropriate mitigation techniques; participating in risk mitigation activities.
Free Mock Test on CompTIA Security+ Certification exam is available here
CompTIA Cybersecurity Analyst
The only intermediate cybersecurity analyst certification that covers security analytics, intrusion detection and response.

Free Mock Test on CompTIA CyberSecurity Analyst is available here
CompTIA Advanced Security Practitioner
A CASP-certified IT professional provide the best cybersecurity solutions and protection to an organization.

Free Mock Test on CompTIA Advanced Security Practitioner

EC-Council

CEH – Certified Ethical Hacker
Among the most desired security certification, The CEH is the first part of a 3 part EC-Council Information Security Track imparting hacking technologies.

Free Mock Test on Certified Ethical Hacker

ISACA

CISM- Certified Information Security Manager
The certification concerns with governance, management, and compliance.

Free Mock Test on CISM
CISA- Certified Information System Auditor
The certification deals with surveilling, auditing, assessing, monitoring and regulating information system.

Free Mock Test on CISA

CISCO

CCNP- Cisco Certified Network Professional Security
The certification validates the knowledge of network security and architecture.
Free Mock Test on CCNP
CCNA – Cisco Certified Network Associate
The qualification concerns with securing network infrastructure, managing secure access, VPN encryption, firewalls, intrusion prevention, web and email security, network management.
Free Mock Test on CCNA

More Security Certifications

GIAC- Global Information Assurance Certification
The certification concerns with specialty hands-on technical abilities like forensic, intrusion detection etc.
CCSK- Cloud Computing Security Knowledge Certification
The certification involves a comprehensive teaching of cloud security.
Amazon Certified Security Specialty
AWS Certified Security – Specialty Certification validates experienced cloud security professionals on the knowledge of how to secure the AWS platform.
Free Mock Test on AWS Security Specialty
Microsoft Security Fundamentals Certification
This certification exam validates that a candidate has fundamental security knowledge and skills. It can serve as a stepping stone to the Microsoft Certified Solutions Associate (MCSA) exams.
Free Mock Test on Microsoft Security Fundamentals Certification

The job gap in the cybersecurity space needs to be met and an aware social and professional environment that is security driven needs to become the norm for companies to tackle the breaches that occur. The environment that encourages more cybersecurity professionals in the educational sphere needs to be adopted for growth in the field. All in all the necessity is ample be it any industry in the present and its high time that cybersecurity is acknowledged as a significant field.

Give your feedback or ask any questions in the comments below

The post Why it’s the Right time to Build a Career in Cyber Security appeared first on Blog.

Career & Learning Archives - Blog

Top 50 Aptitude Interview Questions and Answers

Overview of Aptitude Sections

Section 1: Number Systems

Section 2: Arithmetic

Section 3: Algebra

Section 4: Geometry

Section 5: Data Interpretation

Section 6: Logical Reasoning

Top 50 Interview Questions and Answers

1. What distinguishes combination from permutation?

2. What is probability?

3. What is the equation for a triangle’s area?

4. What is the equation for a sphere’s volume?

5. Solve: log(x) = 3.

6. What is the equation for a circle’s circumference?

7. What do mean, median, and mode mean?

8. Solve: 5! = ?

9. The Pythagorean Theorem is?

10. Reduce: (2/3) (5/).

11. What is a prime number?

12. 4x + 7 = 23. Solve.

13. What is the equation for a rectangle’s perimeter?

14. What is a logarithm?

15. Calculate: 3x equals 27.

16. What is the equation for a circle’s area?

17. What is a quadratic equation?

18. 2(x-4) = 10 must be solved.

19. What is the equation for a cylinder’s volume?

20. Correlation coefficient definition.

21. Streamline: 64.

22. What is the equation for a cube’s surface area?

23. What is a geometric progression?

24. Solve: 3/4 ÷ (2/3).

25. What is the equation for a triangle’s perimeter?

26. Explain what the arithmetic mean is.

27. 5x + 2 = 22. Solve.

28. What is factorial?

29. Just say (3/5) plus (1/4).

30. Exponential function: define.

31. log(1000) =? solve.

32. What is the equation for a cone’s volume?

33. Explain median.

34. 2x + 3y = 10 and x – 2y = 4 must be solved.

35. What is the formula for a trapezoid’s area?

36. What is the equation for a rectangular prism’s surface area?

37. What is the geometric mean?

38. Simplify: √81.

39. Solve: 2^x = 16.

40. What is the formula for a parallelogram’s area?

41. What is absolute value?

42. Solve: 3x + 4 = 19.

43. What is the equation for a rectangular prism’s volume?

44. Explain mode.

45. Solve: sin^2(x) + cos^2(x) = ?

46. If a train travels at 60 km/hr, how far will it travel in 3 hours?

47. Find the simple interest on Rs. 5000 at the rate of 10% per annum for 2 years.

48. If the ratio of boys to girls in a class is 3:2 and there are 15 boys, how many girls are there?

49. Find the average of the numbers 2, 4, 6, and 8.

50. A shopkeeper bought a product for Rs. 200 and sold it for Rs. 250. What is the profit percentage?

Tips for Aptitude Test Preparation

Conclusion

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Elevate your career by qualifying American Academy of Cosmetic Dentistry . Start Your Preparations Now!

Introduction to Programming Using JAVA

Then why we should learn JAVA?

1. Introduction to Java Programming

2. Getting Started with Java

3. Eclipse

4. Language Fundamentals

5. Objects and Classes

6. Using Java Objects

How to become a Blockchain Developer?